Unity3D学习笔记7——GPU实例化(2)

目录

• 1. 概述
• 2. 详论
  • 2.1. 实现
  • 2.2. 解析
• 3. 参考

1. 概述

在上一篇文章《Unity3D学习笔记6——GPU实例化(1)》详细介绍了Unity3d中GPU实例化的实现，并且给出了详细代码。不过其着色器实现是简单的顶点+片元着色器实现的。Unity提供的很多着色器是表面着色器，通过表面着色器，也是可以实现GPU实例化的。

2. 详论

2.1. 实现

首先，我们还是挂接与上篇文章一样的脚本：

using UnityEngine;

[ExecuteInEditMode]
public class Note7Main : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Mesh mesh;
    public Material material;

    int instanceCount = 200;
    Bounds instanceBounds;

    ComputeBuffer bufferWithArgs = null;
    ComputeBuffer instanceParamBufferData = null;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        instanceBounds = new Bounds(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(100, 100, 100));

        uint[] args = new uint[5] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        bufferWithArgs = new ComputeBuffer(1, args.Length * sizeof(uint), ComputeBufferType.IndirectArguments);
        int subMeshIndex = 0;
        args[0] = mesh.GetIndexCount(subMeshIndex);
        args[1] = (uint)instanceCount;
        args[2] = mesh.GetIndexStart(subMeshIndex);
        args[3] = mesh.GetBaseVertex(subMeshIndex);
        bufferWithArgs.SetData(args);

        InstanceParam[] instanceParam = new InstanceParam[instanceCount];

        for (int i = 0; i < instanceCount; i++)
        {
            Vector3 position = Random.insideUnitSphere * 5;
            Quaternion q = Quaternion.Euler(Random.Range(0.0f, 90.0f), Random.Range(0.0f, 90.0f), Random.Range(0.0f, 90.0f));
            float s = Random.value;
            Vector3 scale = new Vector3(s, s, s);

            instanceParam[i].instanceToObjectMatrix = Matrix4x4.TRS(position, q, scale);
            instanceParam[i].color = Random.ColorHSV();
        }

        int stride = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(InstanceParam));
        instanceParamBufferData = new ComputeBuffer(instanceCount, stride);
        instanceParamBufferData.SetData(instanceParam);
        material.SetBuffer("dataBuffer", instanceParamBufferData);
        material.SetMatrix("ObjectToWorld", Matrix4x4.identity);
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (bufferWithArgs != null)
        {
            Graphics.DrawMeshInstancedIndirect(mesh, 0, material, instanceBounds, bufferWithArgs, 0);
        }
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        if (bufferWithArgs != null)
        {
            bufferWithArgs.Release();
        }

        if (instanceParamBufferData != null)
        {
            instanceParamBufferData.Release();
        }
    }
}

不过，脚本的材质设置需要使用我们新的材质：

这个材质可以通过使用Standard Surface Shader作为我们修改的模板：

修改后的着色器代码如下：

Shader "Custom/SimpleSurfaceIntanceShader"
{
    Properties
    {
        _Color ("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _MainTex ("Albedo (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Glossiness ("Smoothness", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
        _Metallic ("Metallic", Range(0,1)) = 0.0
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 200

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows
		#pragma target 4.5
		#pragma multi_compile_instancing
        #pragma instancing_options procedural:setup     

		struct InstanceParam
		{
			float4 color;
			float4x4 instanceToObjectMatrix;
		};

	#ifdef UNITY_PROCEDURAL_INSTANCING_ENABLED
        StructuredBuffer<InstanceParam> dataBuffer;
    #endif

		float4x4 ObjectToWorld;

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

		void setup()
        {
        #ifdef UNITY_PROCEDURAL_INSTANCING_ENABLED
            InstanceParam data = dataBuffer[unity_InstanceID];
            unity_ObjectToWorld = mul(ObjectToWorld, data.instanceToObjectMatrix);
        #endif
        }

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = c.rgb;
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;
        }
        ENDCG
    }
    FallBack "Diffuse"
}

最后的显示效果如下：

2.2. 解析

对比修改之前的着色器代码：

1. #pragma multi_compile_instancing的意思是给这个着色器增加了实例化的变体，也就是增加了诸如INSTANCING_ON PROCEDURAL_ON这样的关键字，可以编译实例化的着色器版本。
2. #pragma instancing_options procedural:setup是搭配Graphics.DrawMeshInstancedIndirect 使用的，在顶点着色器阶段开始时，Unity会调用冒号后指定的setup()函数。
3. setup()函数的意思是通过实例化Id也就是unity_InstanceID，找到正确的实例化数据，并且调整Unity的内置变量unity_ObjectToWorld——也就是模型矩阵。正如上一篇文章所言，GPU实例化的关键就在于模型矩阵的重新计算。在Unity API官方示例中，还修改了其逆矩阵unity_WorldToObject。

3. 参考

1. 《Unity3D学习笔记6——GPU实例化(1)》
2. Graphics.DrawMeshInstancedIndirect
3. Declaring and using shader keywords in HLSL
4. Creating shaders that support GPU instancing

具体实现代码