Ubuntu源、Python虚拟环境及pip源配置

Ubuntu 命令行更改源

在修改source.list前，最好先备份一份

软件源的地址配置文件在 /etc/apt/sources.list

执行备份命令

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

执行命令打开source.list文件：

可以用vim，gedit，atom等工具打开

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

内容如下

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20190805)]/ bionic main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

pip 源的配置

Win 下， %HOMEPATH%， pip/pip.ini

Ubuntu 下， ~/.pip/pip.conf

内容如下

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

虚拟环境配置

环境：

• Ubuntu 18.04
• Python3

如果系统同时安装了python2和3版本，请执行下面的命令

pip2 install virtualenv

pip2 install virtualenvwrapper

pip3 install virtualenv

pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

# Win
pip install virtualenvwrapper-win

使用pip3安装virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper两个包，ubuntu18.04中，用户使用pip安装的包在~/.local/下，在.bashrc中添加的配置如下：

# Python Virtualenv Settings

export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
source ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

使用mkvirtualenv创建虚拟环境时，报错如下：

roc@roc-ThinkPad-E455:~$ mkvirtualenv remote
ERROR: virtualenvwrapper could not find virtualenv in your path

提示virtualenv 不在环境中，需要在配置文件添加virtualenv的路径进去，具体配置如下：

# Python Virtualenv Settings

export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
# 指定virtualenv的路径
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=~/.local/bin/virtualenv
source ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

然后重新加载.bashrc文件即可