BASE64的实现

原由

项目中经常需要使用base64进行处理，通过base64可以将特殊字符转化为普通可见字符，便于网络传输，代价是增长了传输长度。

base64将每3个byte转化为4个6bit位，然后高位补两个零。这意味着，base64编码后长度会变长。

1. 当源文长度不是3的倍数时，需要补零。编码后以等号“=”表示。至多有1至2个补零的情况出现，则结尾最多一至两个等号。
2. 编码后长度可预测4*（len+2)/3。
3. base64是个可逆编码。
4. 源文长度预估如下：末尾等号个数为p（此时p小于等于2），编码长度l (此时l为4的倍数)，则源文长度 ( l * 3/4 - p)

源文	源长度	base编码后	编码后长度
abc	3	YWJj	4
abca	4	YWJjYQ==	8
abcab	5	YWJjYWI=	8
abcabc	6	YWJjYWJj	8

源码请见：https://github.com/fpzeng/aes128

C语言实现

base64的源码其实没有几行，但是在项目代码中添加base64源码总有造轮子的嫌疑。这里使用libopenssl库。

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <openssl/bio.h>
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <math.h>

 int Base64Encode(const char* message, char** buffer) { //Encodes a string to base64
   BIO *bio, *b64;
   FILE* stream;
   int encodedSize = *ceil((double)strlen(message)/);
   *buffer = (char *)malloc(encodedSize+);

   stream = fmemopen(*buffer, encodedSize+, "w");
   b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
   bio = BIO_new_fp(stream, BIO_NOCLOSE);
   bio = BIO_push(b64, bio);
   BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL); //Ignore newlines - write everything in one line
   BIO_write(bio, message, strlen(message));
   BIO_flush(bio);
   BIO_free_all(bio);
   fclose(stream);

   return (); //success
 }
 int calcDecodeLength(const char* b64input) { //Calculates the length of a decoded base64 string
   int len = strlen(b64input);
   int padding = ;

   if (b64input[len-] == '=' && b64input[len-] == '=') //last two chars are =
     padding = ;
   else if (b64input[len-] == '=') //last char is =
     padding = ;

   return (int)len*0.75 - padding;
 }

 int Base64Decode(char* b64message, char** buffer) { //Decodes a base64 encoded string
   BIO *bio, *b64;
   int decodeLen = calcDecodeLength(b64message),
       len = ;
   *buffer = (char*)malloc(decodeLen+);
   FILE* stream = fmemopen(b64message, strlen(b64message), "r");

   b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
   bio = BIO_new_fp(stream, BIO_NOCLOSE);
   bio = BIO_push(b64, bio);
   BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL); //Do not use newlines to flush buffer
   len = BIO_read(bio, *buffer, strlen(b64message));
     //Can test here if len == decodeLen - if not, then return an error
   (*buffer)[len] = '\0';

   BIO_free_all(bio);
   fclose(stream);

   return (); //success
 }

 int main() {
   //Encode To Base64
   char* base64EncodeOutput;
   char* pPlainText = "Hi, I'm fpzeng";
   printf("Input plain text: %s\n", pPlainText);
   Base64Encode(pPlainText, &base64EncodeOutput);
   printf("Output (base64): %s\n", base64EncodeOutput);

   //Decode From Base64
   char* base64DecodeOutput;
   Base64Decode(base64EncodeOutput, &base64DecodeOutput);
   printf("Output: %s\n", base64DecodeOutput);

   return();
 }

Makefile

.PHONY : clean
OPT=-O0
DEBUG= -g
CFLAGS=-Wall -fPIC $(XCFLAGS) $(INC) $(OPT) $(SO_DEF) $(DEBUG) $(DEF)
INCLUDES = -I./
SRCS = base64.c
OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
LIBS = -lssl -lcrypto -lm 

MAIN = base64
all:    $(MAIN)
	@echo  $(MAIN) has been compiled

$(MAIN): $(OBJS)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $(MAIN) $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS)
	@echo output: $(OBJS)
.c.o:
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -c $<  -o $@
clean:
	@echo clean $(MAIN) $(OBJS)
	rm -fr $(MAIN) $(OBJS)

　　

Python实现