程序模拟HTTP请求
1. 使用HttpClient
前面拼接StringContent
string strContent = "client_id=client&client_secret=secret&grant_type=client_credentials";
HttpContent content = new StringContent(strContent, Encoding.UTF8, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
使用await:
public async void GetResponse()
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
Url = "http://xxxx";
ClientInfo info = new ClientInfo();
Json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(info, Settings);
HttpContent content = new StringContent(Json, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
using (var response = await client.PostAsync(Url, content))
{
var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
}
这里可判断请求的状态
var content = await client.PostAsync("http://localhost:5001/api/values/",httpContent);
switch (content.StatusCode)
{
case HttpStatusCode.OK:
Console.WriteLine(content.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
break;
case HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized:
//todo:重新申请token
break;
}
不使用await：
/// <summary>
/// 将GET请求发送到指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串</returns>
public static string HttpGet(string url)
{
string str = string.Empty;
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
using (var response = client.GetAsync(url))
{
response.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
str = response.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
return str;
}
需要认证的：
/// <summary>
/// 将GET请求发送到有身份验证的指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <param name="user">用户名</param>
/// <param name="password">密码</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串</returns>
public static string HttpGet(string url, string user, string password)
{
string str = string.Empty;
HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(user, password);
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
using (var response = client.GetAsync(url))
{
response.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
str = response.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
return str;
}
Post请求：
/// <summary>
/// 将POST请求发送到指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <param name="content">正文（JSON）</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串</returns>
public static string HttpPost(string url, string content)
{
string str = string.Empty;
HttpContent httpcontent = new StringContent(content, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
using (var response = client.PostAsync(url, httpcontent))
{
response.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
str = response.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
return str;
}
需要认证的：
/// <summary>
/// 将POST请求发送到有身份验证的指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <param name="content">正文（JSON）</param>
/// <param name="user">用户名</param>
/// <param name="password">密码</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串</returns>
public static string HttpPost(string url, string content, string user, string password)
{
string str = string.Empty;
HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(user, password);
HttpContent httpcontent = new StringContent(content, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
if (url.Contains("https"))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
}
using (var response = client.PostAsync(url, httpcontent))
{
response.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
str = response.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
return str;
}
2.使用HttpWebRequest
Get请求：
/// <summary>
/// 访问相关地址，并获取访问结果。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">连接地址。</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串。</returns>
public static string HttpRequest(string url)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = "Get";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string encoding = response.ContentEncoding;
)
{
encoding = "UTF-8"; //默认编码
}
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding));
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
需要认证的Get请求：
/// <summary>
/// 访问相关地址，并获取访问结果。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">连接地址。</param>
/// <param name="user">用户名。</param>
/// <param name="password">密码。</param>
/// <returns>返回字符串。</returns>
public static string HttpRequest(string url, string user, string password)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(user, password);
request.Method = "Get";
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.KeepAlive = false;
request.Accept = "*/*";
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
string encoding = response.ContentEncoding;
)
{
encoding = "UTF-8"; //默认编码
}
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding));
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
Post：
string url = "https://xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:xx/gateway/file";
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
request.Method = "Post";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
request.Accept = "application/octet-stream";
request.Timeout = * * ;
string param = "callerIp=8.8.8.8&charset=utf-8&language=zh_CN&merchantId=xxx";
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(param);
using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(data, , data.Length);
}
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
string responseData = String.Empty;
using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), encoding))
{
responseData = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
}
}
使用此方法需要注意参数需要HttpUtility.UrlEncode
/// <summary>
/// 将POST请求发送到指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">地址</param>
/// <param name="content">内容</param>
/// <param name="contentType">MIME类型</param>
/// <param name="encode">编码</param>
/// <param name="timeOut">超时时间（单位：毫秒）</param>
/// <returns>响应内容</returns>
)
{
string result = null;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
if (url.Contains("https"))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
}
request.Method = "Post";
request.ContentType = contentType;
request.Timeout = timeOut;
byte[] data = encode.GetBytes(content);
using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(data, , data.Length);
}
var responseStream = request.GetResponse().GetResponseStream();
using (var response = request.GetResponseAsync())
{
var stream = response.Result.GetResponseStream();
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream))
{
result = sr.ReadToEnd();
}
}
return result;
}
3.使用WebClient：
不使用Json：
/// <summary>
/// 将POST请求发送到指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">地址</param>
/// <param name="collection">参数集合</param>
/// <returns>字符串</returns>
public static string HttpPost(string url, System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection collection)
{
string result = string.Empty;
using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
{
byte[] response = client.UploadValues(url, collection);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(response);
}
return result;
}
同时上传文件和表单内容：
public class HttpRequestClient
{
#region //字段
private ArrayList bytesArray;
private Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
private string boundary = String.Empty;
#endregion
#region //构造方法
public HttpRequestClient()
{
bytesArray = new ArrayList();
string flag = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
boundary = "---------------------------" + flag;
}
#endregion
#region //方法
/// <summary>
/// 合并请求数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private byte[] MergeContent()
{
;
;
string endBoundary = "--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
byte[] endBoundaryBytes = encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
bytesArray.Add(endBoundaryBytes);
foreach (byte[] b in bytesArray)
{
length += b.Length;
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
foreach (byte[] b in bytesArray)
{
b.CopyTo(bytes, readLength);
readLength += b.Length;
}
return bytes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestUrl">请求url</param>
/// <param name="responseText">响应</param>
/// <param name="username">用户名</param>
/// <param name="password">密码</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Upload(String requestUrl, out String responseText, string username, string password)
{
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
{
webClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(username, password);
}
webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
if (requestUrl.Contains("https"))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
}
byte[] responseBytes;
byte[] bytes = MergeContent();
try
{
responseBytes = webClient.UploadData(requestUrl, "POST", bytes);
responseText = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseBytes);
return true;
}
catch (WebException ex)
{
Stream responseStream = ex.Response.GetResponseStream();
responseBytes = new byte[ex.Response.ContentLength];
responseStream.Read(responseBytes, , responseBytes.Length);
}
responseText = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseBytes);
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置表单数据字段
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fieldName">字段名</param>
/// <param name="fieldValue">字段值</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void SetFieldValue(String fieldName, String fieldValue)
{
string httpRow = "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n";
string httpRowData = String.Format(httpRow, fieldName, fieldValue);
bytesArray.Add(encoding.GetBytes(httpRowData));
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置表单文件数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fieldName">字段名</param>
/// <param name="filename">字段值</param>
/// <param name="contentType">内容内型</param>
/// <param name="fileBytes">文件字节流</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void SetFieldValue(String fieldName, String filename, String contentType, Byte[] fileBytes)
{
string end = "\r\n";
string httpRow = "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: {2}\r\n\r\n";
string httpRowData = String.Format(httpRow, fieldName, filename, contentType);
byte[] headerBytes = encoding.GetBytes(httpRowData);
byte[] endBytes = encoding.GetBytes(end);
byte[] fileDataBytes = new byte[headerBytes.Length + fileBytes.Length + endBytes.Length];
headerBytes.CopyTo(fileDataBytes, );
fileBytes.CopyTo(fileDataBytes, headerBytes.Length);
endBytes.CopyTo(fileDataBytes, headerBytes.Length + fileBytes.Length);
bytesArray.Add(fileDataBytes);
}
public string GetAuthorization(string username, string password)
{
string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);
return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization));
}
#endregion
}
调用方法：
string responseText = "";
Stream fs = file.InputStream;
byte[] fileBytes = new byte[file.ContentLength];
fs.Read(fileBytes, , file.ContentLength);
fs.Close(); fs.Dispose();
HttpRequestClient httpRequestClient = new HttpRequestClient();
httpRequestClient.SetFieldValue("file", Path.GetFileName(file.FileName), "application/octet-stream", fileBytes);
if (httpRequestClient.Upload(uri, out responseText, threadUserName, threadPassword))
{
//dosomething
}
else
{
context.Response.Write("上传失败" );
}
采用异步发送但同步接收：
/// <summary>
/// 将POST请求发送到指定URI
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">地址</param>
/// <param name="collection">参数集合</param>
/// <param name="contentType">MIME类型</param>
/// <param name="acceptType">接收类型</param>
/// <returns>字节数组</returns>
public static byte[] HttpPost(string url, System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection collection, string contentType,string acceptType)
{
using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
{
client.Headers.Add("Content-Type", contentType);
client.Headers.Add("Accept", acceptType);
if (url.Contains("https"))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
}
using (var response = client.UploadValuesTaskAsync(url, collection))
{
byte[] result= response.Result;
return result;
}
}
}
下载文件：
/// <summary>
/// 下载文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">地址</param>
/// <param name="fileName">路径</param>
public static void DownloadFile(string url,string fileName)
{
WebClient client = new WebClient();
client.DownloadFile(url, fileName);
}
使用这个方法下载文件拿不到原来的文件名，可以改用下面的方法：
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
using (var response = client.GetAsync(url))
{
response.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
var name = response.Result.Content.Headers.ContentDisposition.FileName.Replace("\"", "");
var buff = response.Result.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result;
string filename = Path.Combine(path, name);
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
{
fs.Write(buff, , buff.Length);
}
}
}
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