DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS

由于Oracle的优化器是CBO，所以对象的统计数据对执行计划的生成至关重要！

作用:DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS统计表,列,索引的统计信息（默认参数下是对表进行直方图信息收集，包含该表的自身-表的行数、数据块数、行长等信息；列的分析--列值的重复数、列上的空值、数据在列上的分布情况；索引的分析-索引页块的数量、索引的深度、索引聚合因子）.

DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS的语法如下:
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS (   ownname          VARCHAR2,     tabname          VARCHAR2,     partname         VARCHAR2,   estimate_percent NUMBER,     block_sample     BOOLEAN,   method_opt       VARCHAR2,   degree           NUMBER,   granularity      VARCHAR2,     cascade          BOOLEAN,   stattab          VARCHAR2,     statid           VARCHAR2,   statown          VARCHAR2,   no_invalidate    BOOLEAN,   force            BOOLEAN);
参数说明:
ownname:要分析表的拥有者
tabname:要分析的表名.
partname:分区的名字,只对分区表或分区索引有用.
estimate_percent:采样行的百分比,取值范围[0.000001,100],null为全部分析,不采样. 常量:DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE是默认值,由oracle决定最佳取采样值.
block_sapmple:是否用块采样代替行采样.
method_opt:决定histograms信息是怎样被统计的.method_opt的取值如下(默认值为FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO):
for all columns:统计所有列的histograms.
for all indexed columns:统计所有indexed列的histograms.
for all hidden columns:统计你看不到列的histograms
for columns <list> SIZE <N> | REPEAT | AUTO | SKEWONLY:统计指定列的histograms.N的取值范围[1,254]; REPEAT上次统计过的histograms;AUTO由oracle决定N的大小;SKEWONLY multiple end-points with the same value which is what we define by "there is skew in thedata
degree:决定并行度.默认值为null.
granularity:Granularity of statistics to collect ,only pertinent if the table is partitioned.
cascade:是收集索引的信息.默认为FALSE.
stattab:指定要存储统计信息的表,statid如果多个表的统计信息存储在同一个stattab中用于进行区分.statown存储统计信息表的拥有者.以上三个参数若不指定,统计信息会直接更新到数据字典.
no_invalidate: Does not invalidate the dependent cursors if set to TRUE. The procedure invalidates the dependent cursors immediately if set to FALSE.
force:即使表锁住了也收集统计信息.
例子:
execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'owner',tabname => 'table_name' ,estimate_percent => null ,method_opt => 'for all indexed columns' ,cascade => true);

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_679e928c0100yi15.html

例如：

在使用DBMS_STATS分析表的时候，我们经常要保存之前的分析，以防分析后导致系统性能低下然后进行快速恢复。

1、首先创建一个分析表，该表是用来保存之前的分析值：

SQL> begin
 dbms_stats.create_stat_table(ownname=>'TEST',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
 end;
 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> begin
 dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1');
 end;
 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2、导出表分析信息到stat_table中

SQL> begin
 dbms_stats.export_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
 end;
 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> select count(*) from TEST.STAT_TABLE;

COUNT(*)
----------
4

4、删除分析信息

SQL> begin
 dbms_stats.delete_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1');
 end;
 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> SELECT num_rows,blocks,empty_blocks as empty, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len FROM dba_tables WHERE owner = 'TEST'
AND table_name = 'T1';

NUM_ROWS BLOCKS EMPTY AVG_SPACE CHAIN_CNT AVG_ROW_LEN
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------

没有查到分析数据

5、导入分析信息

SQL> begin
 dbms_stats.import_table_stats(ownname=>'TEST',tabname=>'T1',stattab=>'STAT_TABLE');
 end;
 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL> SELECT num_rows,blocks,empty_blocks as empty, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len FROM dba_tables WHERE owner = 'TEST'
AND table_name = 'T1';

NUM_ROWS BLOCKS EMPTY AVG_SPACE CHAIN_CNT AVG_ROW_LEN
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1000 5 0 0 0 16
可以查到分析数据

补充:

EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS：导出列的分析信息
EXPORT_INDEX_STATS：导出索引分析信息
EXPORT_SYSTEM_STATS：导出系统分析信息
EXPORT_TABLE_STATS：导出表分析信息
EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS：导出方案分析信息
EXPORT_DATABASE_STATS：导出数据库分析信息
IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS：导入列分析信息
IMPORT_INDEX_STATS：导入索引分析信息
IMPORT_SYSTEM_STATS：导入系统分析信息
IMPORT_TABLE_STATS：导入表分析信息
IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS：导入方案分析信息
IMPORT_DATABASE_STATS：导入数据库分析信息
GATHER_INDEX_STATS：分析索引信息
GATHER_TABLE_STATS：分析表信息，当cascade为true时，分析表、列（索引）信息
GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS：分析方案信息
GATHER_DATABASE_STATS：分析数据库信息
GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS：分析系统信息

注: 转自 http://cjjwzs.iteye.com/blog/1143893

http://blog.csdn.net/mercenarylin/article/details/8559832

http://www.cnblogs.com/suredandan/p/3200157.html

I encountered this question in an interview and had no clue how to answer:

There is a table which has a index on a column, and you query:

select * from table_name where column_having_index="some value";

The query takes too long, and you find out that the index is not being used. If you think the performance of the query will be better using the index, how could you force the query to use the index?

You can use optimizer hints

select /*+ INDEX(table_name index_name) */ from table etc...

More on using optimizer hints: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14211/hintsref.htm

There could be many reasons for Index not being used. Even after you specify hints, there are chances Oracle optimizer thinks otherwise and decide not to use Index. You need to go through the EXPLAIN PLAN part and see what is the cost of the statement with INDEX and without INDEX.

Assuming the Oracle uses CBO. Most often, if the optimizer thinks the cost is high with INDEX, even though you specify it in hints, the optimizer will ignore and continue for full table scan. Your first action should be checking DBA_INDEXES to know when the statistics are LAST_ANALYZED. If not analyzed, you can set table, index for analyze.

begin
   DBMS_STATS.GATHER_INDEX_STATS ( OWNNAME=>user
                                 , INDNAME=>IndexName);
end;

For table.

begin
   DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS ( OWNNAME=>user
                                 , TABNAME=>TableName);
end;

In extreme cases, you can try setting up the statistics on your own.

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838094/force-index-use-in-oracle/1838216#1838216