转载于：https://www.jianshu.com/p/af9738634a21

Spring Boot 的 Actuator 提供了很多生产级的特性，比如监控和度量Spring Boot 应用程序。Actuator 的这些特性可以通过众多 REST 接口、远程 shell 和 JMX 获得。

一、Actuator 的 REST 接口

Spring Boot Actuator 的关键特性是在应用程序里提供众多 Web 接口，通过它们了解应用程序运行时的内部状况。Actuator 提供了 13 个接口，可以分为三大类：配置接口、度量接口和其它接口，具体如下表所示。

HTTP 方法 路径 描述
GET /autoconfig 提供了一份自动配置报告，记录哪些自动配置条件通过了，哪些没通过
GET /configprops 描述配置属性(包含默认值)如何注入Bean
GET /beans 描述应用程序上下文里全部的Bean，以及它们的关系
GET /dump 获取线程活动的快照
GET /env 获取全部环境属性
GET /env/{name} 根据名称获取特定的环境属性值
GET /health 报告应用程序的健康指标，这些值由HealthIndicator的实现类提供
GET /info 获取应用程序的定制信息，这些信息由info打头的属性提供
GET /mappings 描述全部的URI路径，以及它们和控制器(包含Actuator端点)的映射关系
GET /metrics 报告各种应用程序度量信息，比如内存用量和HTTP请求计数
GET /metrics/{name} 报告指定名称的应用程序度量值
POST /shutdown 关闭应用程序，要求endpoints.shutdown.enabled设置为true
GET /trace 提供基本的HTTP请求跟踪信息(时间戳、HTTP头等)

要启用 Actuator 的端点，只要在项目中引入 Actuator 的依赖即可。对于 Maven 依赖，引入的依赖是这样的：

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

1. 查看配置明细

Actuator 有一些接口不仅可以显示组件映射关系，还可以告诉你自动配置在配置 Spring 应用程序上下文时做了哪些决策。

1.1 获得 Bean 装配报告

要了解应用程序中 Spring 上下文的情况，最重要的接口就是 /beans。它会返回一个 JSON 文档，描述上下文里每个 bean 的情况，包括其 Java 类型以及注入的其它 bean。返回的信息如下所示：

  1. [
  2.     {
  3.         "context": "application",
  4.         "parent": null,
  5.         "beans": [
  6.             {
  7.                 "bean": "demoApplication",
  8.                 "aliases": [],
  9.                 "scope": "singleton",
  10.                 "type": "com.example.DemoApplication$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$88686e04",
  11.                 "resource": "null",
  12.                 "dependencies": []
  13.             },
  14.             {
  15.                 "bean": "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.internalCachingMetadataReaderFactory",
  16.                 "aliases": [],
  17.                 "scope": "singleton",
  18.                 "type": "org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory",
  19.                 "resource": "null",
  20.                 "dependencies": []
  21.             }
  22.         ]
  23.     }
  24. ]

所有的 Bean 条目都有五类信息：

  • bean：Spring 应用程序上下文中的 Bean 名称或 ID。
  • resource：.class 文件的物理位置，通常是一个 URL，指向构建出的 JAR 文件。这会随着应用程序的构建和运行方式发生变化。
  • dependencies：当前 Bean 注入的 Bean ID 列表。
  • scope：Bean 的作用域（通常是单例，这也是默认作用域）。
  • type：Bean 的 Java 类型。
1.2 详解自动配置

/autoconfig接口能告诉你为什么会有这个 bean ，或者为什么没有这个 bean。

  1. {
  2.     "positiveMatches": {
  3.         "AuditAutoConfiguration#auditListener": [
  4.             {
  5.                 "condition": "OnBeanCondition",
  6.                 "message": "@ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.actuate.audit.listener.AbstractAuditListener; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans"
  7.             }
  8.         ],
  9.         "MultipartAutoConfiguration#multipartConfigElement": [
  10.             {
  11.                 "condition": "OnBeanCondition",
  12.                 "message": "@ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans"
  13.             }
  14.         ]
  15.     },
  16.     "negativeMatches": {
  17.         "AuditAutoConfiguration#authenticationAuditListener": {
  18.             "notMatched": [
  19.                 {
  20.                     "condition": "OnClassCondition",
  21.                     "message": "@ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.springframework.security.authentication.event.AbstractAuthenticationEvent'"
  22.                 }
  23.             ],
  24.             "matched": []
  25.         },
  26.         "AuditAutoConfiguration#authorizationAuditListener": {
  27.             "notMatched": [
  28.                 {
  29.                     "condition": "OnClassCondition",
  30.                     "message": "@ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.springframework.security.access.event.AbstractAuthorizationEvent'"
  31.                 }
  32.             ],
  33.             "matched": []
  34.         }
  35.     }
  36. }
1.3 查看配置属性

/env接口会生成应用程序可用的所有环境属性的列表，无论这些属性是否用到。这其中包括环境变量、JVM 属性、命令行参数，以及 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件提供的属性。

  1. {
  2.     "profiles": [],
  3.     "server.ports": {
  4.         "local.server.port": 8080
  5.     },
  6.     "servletContextInitParams": {},
  7.     "systemProperties": {
  8.         "java.runtime.name": "Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment",
  9.         "spring.output.ansi.enabled": "always",
  10.         "sun.boot.library.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib",
  11.         "java.vm.version": "25.121-b13",
  12.         "gopherProxySet": "false",
  13.         "java.vm.vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
  14.         "java.vendor.url": "http://java.oracle.com/",
  15.         "path.separator": ":",
  16.         "idea.launcher.port": "7532",
  17.         "java.vm.name": "Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM",
  18.         "file.encoding.pkg": "sun.io",
  19.         "user.country": "CN",
  20.         "sun.java.launcher": "SUN_STANDARD",
  21.         "sun.os.patch.level": "unknown",
  22.         "PID": "2716",
  23.         "java.vm.specification.name": "Java Virtual Machine Specification",
  24.         "user.dir": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo",
  25.         "java.runtime.version": "1.8.0_121-b13",
  26.         "java.awt.graphicsenv": "sun.awt.CGraphicsEnvironment",
  27.         "org.jboss.logging.provider": "slf4j",
  28.         "java.endorsed.dirs": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/endorsed",
  29.         "os.arch": "x86_64",
  30.         "visualvm.id": "11136812717769",
  31.         "java.io.tmpdir": "/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/",
  32.         "line.separator": "\n",
  33.         "java.vm.specification.vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
  34.         "os.name": "Mac OS X",
  35.         "sun.jnu.encoding": "UTF-8",
  36.         "spring.beaninfo.ignore": "true",
  37.         "java.library.path": "/Users/FlySheep/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.",
  38.         "java.specification.name": "Java Platform API Specification",
  39.         "java.class.version": "52.0",
  40.         "sun.management.compiler": "HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers",
  41.         "os.version": "10.11",
  42.         "user.home": "/Users/FlySheep",
  43.         "catalina.useNaming": "false",
  44.         "user.timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
  45.         "java.awt.printerjob": "sun.lwawt.macosx.CPrinterJob",
  46.         "file.encoding": "UTF-8",
  47.         "idea.launcher.bin.path": "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin",
  48.         "java.specification.version": "1.8",
  49.         "catalina.home": "/private/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/tomcat.6698906163877756728.8080",
  50.         "java.class.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/target/classes:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.11/logback-classic-1.1.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.1.11/logback-core-1.1.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j/1.7.24/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.24/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j/1.7.24/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.17/snakeyaml-1.17.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-el-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator/5.3.4.Final/hibernate-validator-5.3.4.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/javax/validation/validation-api/1.1.0.Final/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.3.0.Final/jboss-logging-3.3.0.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.3.3/classmate-1.3.3.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.8.7/jackson-databind-2.8.7.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.8.0/jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.8.7/jackson-core-2.8.7.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-actuator/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-actuator-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-actuator/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-actuator-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.24/slf4j-api-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-core-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar",
  51.         "user.name": "FlySheep",
  52.         "java.vm.specification.version": "1.8",
  53.         "sun.java.command": "com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain com.example.DemoApplication",
  54.         "java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre",
  55.         "sun.arch.data.model": "64",
  56.         "user.language": "zh",
  57.         "java.specification.vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
  58.         "awt.toolkit": "sun.lwawt.macosx.LWCToolkit",
  59.         "java.vm.info": "mixed mode",
  60.         "java.version": "1.8.0_121",
  61.         "java.ext.dirs": "/Users/FlySheep/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java",
  62.         "sun.boot.class.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/classes",
  63.         "java.awt.headless": "true",
  64.         "java.vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
  65.         "catalina.base": "/private/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/tomcat.6698906163877756728.8080",
  66.         "file.separator": "/",
  67.         "java.vendor.url.bug": "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/",
  68.         "sun.io.unicode.encoding": "UnicodeBig",
  69.         "sun.cpu.endian": "little",
  70.         "sun.cpu.isalist": ""
  71.     },
  72.     "systemEnvironment": {
  73.         "PATH": "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_79.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/JavaTools/apache-maven-3.3.9/bin/bin",
  74.         "SHELL": "/bin/zsh",
  75.         "PAGER": "less",
  76.         "LSCOLORS": "Gxfxcxdxbxegedabagacad",
  77.         "OLDPWD": "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin",
  78.         "USER": "FlySheep",
  79.         "VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_32_BIT": "no",
  80.         "ZSH": "/Users/FlySheep/.oh-my-zsh",
  81.         "TMPDIR": "/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/",
  82.         "SSH_AUTH_SOCK": "/private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.vZEKsGdZ1T/Listeners",
  83.         "JAVA_MAIN_CLASS_2716": "com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain",
  84.         "XPC_FLAGS": "0x0",
  85.         "VERSIONER_PYTHON_VERSION": "2.7",
  86.         "__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING": "0x1F5:0x19:0x34",
  87.         "Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render": "/private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.5VgRuDCQ5D/Render",
  88.         "LOGNAME": "FlySheep",
  89.         "LESS": "-R",
  90.         "LC_CTYPE": "",
  91.         "PWD": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo",
  92.         "XPC_SERVICE_NAME": "com.jetbrains.intellij.136992",
  93.         "HOME": "/Users/FlySheep"
  94.     },
  95.     "applicationConfig: [classpath:/application.properties]": {
  96.         "management.security.enabled": "false"
  97.     }
  98. }

基本上，任何能给Spring Boot 应用程序提供属性的属性源都会列在 /env 的结果里，同时会显示具体的属性。
　　为了避免敏感信息暴露到 /env 里，所有名为password、secret、key(或者名字中最后一段是这些)的属性在 /env 里都会加上“*”。举个例子，如果有一个属性名字是database.password，那么它在/env中的显示效果是这样的：

  1. "database.password":"******"

/env 接口还能用来获取单个属性的值，只需要在请求时在 /env 后加上属性名即可。

1.4 查看属性的使用方法

/configprops 接口会生成一个报告，说明属性如何进行设置(注入或其他方式)。

  1. {
  2.     "endpoints-org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.EndpointProperties": {
  3.         "prefix": "endpoints",
  4.         "properties": {
  5.             "enabled": true,
  6.             "sensitive": null
  7.         }
  8.     },
  9.     "management.info-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.InfoContributorProperties": {
  10.         "prefix": "management.info",
  11.         "properties": {
  12.             "git": {
  13.                 "mode": "SIMPLE"
  14.             }
  15.         }
  16.     },
  17.     "metricsEndpoint": {
  18.         "prefix": "endpoints.metrics",
  19.         "properties": {
  20.             "id": "metrics",
  21.             "sensitive": true,
  22.             "enabled": true
  23.         }
  24.     },
  25.     "spring.jackson-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonProperties": {
  26.         "prefix": "spring.jackson",
  27.         "properties": {
  28.             "propertyNamingStrategy": null,
  29.             "defaultPropertyInclusion": null,
  30.             "dateFormat": null,
  31.             "timeZone": null,
  32.             "locale": null,
  33.             "jodaDateTimeFormat": null
  34.         }
  35.     },
  36.     "heapdumpMvcEndpoint": {
  37.         "prefix": "endpoints.heapdump",
  38.         "properties": {
  39.             "path": "/heapdump",
  40.             "sensitive": true,
  41.             "enabled": true
  42.         }
  43.     },
  44.     "endpoints.cors-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointCorsProperties": {
  45.         "prefix": "endpoints.cors",
  46.         "properties": {
  47.             "allowedOrigins": [],
  48.             "maxAge": 1800,
  49.             "exposedHeaders": [],
  50.             "allowedHeaders": [],
  51.             "allowedMethods": [],
  52.             "allowCredentials": null
  53.         }
  54.     },
  55.     "environmentMvcEndpoint": {
  56.         "prefix": "endpoints.env",
  57.         "properties": {
  58.             "path": "/env"
  59.         }
  60.     },
  61.     "environmentEndpoint": {
  62.         "prefix": "endpoints.env",
  63.         "properties": {
  64.             "id": "env",
  65.             "sensitive": true,
  66.             "enabled": true
  67.         }
  68.     },
  69.     "spring.http.multipart-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartProperties": {
  70.         "prefix": "spring.http.multipart",
  71.         "properties": {
  72.             "maxRequestSize": "10MB",
  73.             "fileSizeThreshold": "0",
  74.             "location": null,
  75.             "maxFileSize": "1MB",
  76.             "enabled": true,
  77.             "resolveLazily": false
  78.         }
  79.     },
  80.     "spring.info-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoProperties": {
  81.         "prefix": "spring.info",
  82.         "properties": {
  83.             "build": {
  84.                 "location": {}
  85.             },
  86.             "git": {
  87.                 "location": {}
  88.             }
  89.         }
  90.     },
  91.     "auditEventsEndpoint": {
  92.         "prefix": "endpoints.auditevents",
  93.         "properties": {
  94.             "enabled": true
  95.         }
  96.     },
  97.     "traceEndpoint": {
  98.         "prefix": "endpoints.trace",
  99.         "properties": {
  100.             "id": "trace",
  101.             "sensitive": true,
  102.             "enabled": true
  103.         }
  104.     },
  105.     "metricsMvcEndpoint": {
  106.         "prefix": "endpoints.metrics",
  107.         "properties": {
  108.             "path": "/metrics"
  109.         }
  110.     },
  111.     "infoEndpoint": {
  112.         "prefix": "endpoints.info",
  113.         "properties": {
  114.             "id": "info",
  115.             "sensitive": false,
  116.             "enabled": true
  117.         }
  118.     },
  119.     "auditEventMvcEndpoint": {
  120.         "prefix": "endpoints.auditevents",
  121.         "properties": {
  122.             "path": "/auditevents",
  123.             "sensitive": true,
  124.             "enabled": true
  125.         }
  126.     },
  127.     "management.trace-org.springframework.boot.actuate.trace.TraceProperties": {
  128.         "prefix": "management.trace",
  129.         "properties": {
  130.             "include": [
  131.                 "COOKIES",
  132.                 "REQUEST_HEADERS",
  133.                 "RESPONSE_HEADERS",
  134.                 "ERRORS"
  135.             ]
  136.         }
  137.     },
  138.     "spring.resources-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties": {
  139.         "prefix": "spring.resources",
  140.         "properties": {
  141.             "cachePeriod": null,
  142.             "addMappings": true,
  143.             "chain": {
  144.                 "cache": true,
  145.                 "htmlApplicationCache": false,
  146.                 "gzipped": false,
  147.                 "strategy": {
  148.                     "fixed": {
  149.                         "enabled": false,
  150.                         "paths": [
  151.                             "/**"
  152.                         ],
  153.                         "version": null
  154.                     },
  155.                     "content": {
  156.                         "enabled": false,
  157.                         "paths": [
  158.                             "/**"
  159.                         ]
  160.                     }
  161.                 }
  162.             },
  163.             "staticLocations": [
  164.                 "/",
  165.                 "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
  166.                 "classpath:/resources/",
  167.                 "classpath:/static/",
  168.                 "classpath:/public/"
  169.             ]
  170.         }
  171.     },
  172.     "management.health.status-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.HealthIndicatorProperties": {
  173.         "prefix": "management.health.status",
  174.         "properties": {
  175.             "order": null
  176.         }
  177.     },
  178.     "healthMvcEndpoint": {
  179.         "prefix": "endpoints.health",
  180.         "properties": {
  181.             "path": "/health"
  182.         }
  183.     },
  184.     "serverProperties": {
  185.         "prefix": "server",
  186.         "properties": {
  187.             "address": null,
  188.             "maxHttpPostSize": 0,
  189.             "undertow": {
  190.                 "maxHttpPostSize": 0,
  191.                 "bufferSize": null,
  192.                 "buffersPerRegion": null,
  193.                 "ioThreads": null,
  194.                 "workerThreads": null,
  195.                 "directBuffers": null,
  196.                 "accesslog": {
  197.                     "enabled": null,
  198.                     "pattern": "common",
  199.                     "prefix": "access_log.",
  200.                     "suffix": "log",
  201.                     "dir": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/logs",
  202.                     "rotate": true
  203.                 }
  204.             },
  205.             "tomcat": {
  206.                 "accesslog": {
  207.                     "enabled": false,
  208.                     "pattern": "common",
  209.                     "directory": "logs",
  210.                     "prefix": "access_log",
  211.                     "suffix": ".log",
  212.                     "rotate": true,
  213.                     "renameOnRotate": false,
  214.                     "requestAttributesEnabled": false,
  215.                     "buffered": true
  216.                 },
  217.                 "internalProxies": "10\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|192\\.168\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|169\\.254\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|127\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.1[6-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.2[0-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.3[0-1]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}",
  218.                 "protocolHeader": null,
  219.                 "protocolHeaderHttpsValue": "https",
  220.                 "portHeader": "X-Forwarded-Port",
  221.                 "remoteIpHeader": null,
  222.                 "basedir": null,
  223.                 "backgroundProcessorDelay": 30,
  224.                 "maxThreads": 0,
  225.                 "minSpareThreads": 0,
  226.                 "maxHttpPostSize": 0,
  227.                 "redirectContextRoot": null,
  228.                 "uriEncoding": null,
  229.                 "maxConnections": 0,
  230.                 "acceptCount": 0,
  231.                 "additionalTldSkipPatterns": []
  232.             },
  233.             "displayName": "application",
  234.             "session": {
  235.                 "timeout": null,
  236.                 "trackingModes": null,
  237.                 "persistent": false,
  238.                 "storeDir": null,
  239.                 "cookie": {
  240.                     "name": null,
  241.                     "domain": null,
  242.                     "path": null,
  243.                     "comment": null,
  244.                     "httpOnly": null,
  245.                     "secure": null,
  246.                     "maxAge": null
  247.                 }
  248.             },
  249.             "contextPath": null,
  250.             "error": {
  251.                 "path": "/error",
  252.                 "includeStacktrace": "NEVER"
  253.             },
  254.             "ssl": null,
  255.             "serverHeader": null,
  256.             "useForwardHeaders": null,
  257.             "port": null,
  258.             "maxHttpHeaderSize": 0,
  259.             "servletPath": "/",
  260.             "jspServlet": null,
  261.             "jetty": {
  262.                 "maxHttpPostSize": 0,
  263.                 "acceptors": null,
  264.                 "selectors": null
  265.             },
  266.             "connectionTimeout": null
  267.         }
  268.     },
  269.     "spring.metrics.export-org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.export.MetricExportProperties": {
  270.         "prefix": "spring.metrics.export",
  271.         "properties": {
  272.             "excludes": null,
  273.             "statsd": {
  274.                 "host": null,
  275.                 "port": 8125,
  276.                 "prefix": null
  277.             },
  278.             "includes": null,
  279.             "enabled": true,
  280.             "redis": {
  281.                 "prefix": "spring.metrics.application.7a5b013db041f4a1b6c45b6456487d05",
  282.                 "key": "******"
  283.             },
  284.             "aggregate": {
  285.                 "prefix": "application.7a5b013db041f4a1b6c45b6456487d05",
  286.                 "keyPattern": "k.d"
  287.             }
  288.         }
  289.     },
  290.     "configurationPropertiesReportEndpoint": {
  291.         "prefix": "endpoints.configprops",
  292.         "properties": {
  293.             "id": "configprops",
  294.             "sensitive": true,
  295.             "enabled": true
  296.         }
  297.     },
  298.     "healthEndpoint": {
  299.         "prefix": "endpoints.health",
  300.         "properties": {
  301.             "timeToLive": 1000,
  302.             "id": "health",
  303.             "sensitive": false,
  304.             "enabled": true
  305.         }
  306.     },
  307.     "loggersMvcEndpoint": {
  308.         "prefix": "endpoints.loggers",
  309.         "properties": {
  310.             "path": "/loggers"
  311.         }
  312.     },
  313.     "loggersEndpoint": {
  314.         "prefix": "endpoints.loggers",
  315.         "properties": {
  316.             "id": "loggers",
  317.             "sensitive": true,
  318.             "enabled": true
  319.         }
  320.     },
  321.     "endpoints.metrics.filter-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.MetricFilterProperties": {
  322.         "prefix": "endpoints.metrics.filter",
  323.         "properties": {
  324.             "counterSubmissions": [
  325.                 "MERGED"
  326.             ],
  327.             "gaugeSubmissions": [
  328.                 "MERGED"
  329.             ]
  330.         }
  331.     },
  332.     "dumpEndpoint": {
  333.         "prefix": "endpoints.dump",
  334.         "properties": {
  335.             "id": "dump",
  336.             "sensitive": true,
  337.             "enabled": true
  338.         }
  339.     },
  340.     "autoConfigurationReportEndpoint": {
  341.         "prefix": "endpoints.autoconfig",
  342.         "properties": {
  343.             "id": "autoconfig",
  344.             "sensitive": true,
  345.             "enabled": true
  346.         }
  347.     },
  348.     "endpoints.jmx-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointMBeanExportProperties": {
  349.         "prefix": "endpoints.jmx",
  350.         "properties": {
  351.             "uniqueNames": false,
  352.             "enabled": true,
  353.             "domain": ""
  354.         }
  355.     },
  356.     "spring.http.encoding-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingProperties": {
  357.         "prefix": "spring.http.encoding",
  358.         "properties": {
  359.             "charset": "UTF-8",
  360.             "force": false,
  361.             "mapping": null,
  362.             "forceRequest": false,
  363.             "forceResponse": false
  364.         }
  365.     },
  366.     "shutdownEndpoint": {
  367.         "prefix": "endpoints.shutdown",
  368.         "properties": {
  369.             "id": "shutdown",
  370.             "sensitive": true,
  371.             "enabled": false
  372.         }
  373.     },
  374.     "beansEndpoint": {
  375.         "prefix": "endpoints.beans",
  376.         "properties": {
  377.             "id": "beans",
  378.             "sensitive": true,
  379.             "enabled": true
  380.         }
  381.     },
  382.     "managementServerProperties": {
  383.         "prefix": "management",
  384.         "properties": {
  385.             "security": {
  386.                 "enabled": false,
  387.                 "roles": [
  388.                     "ACTUATOR"
  389.                 ],
  390.                 "sessions": "STATELESS"
  391.             },
  392.             "address": null,
  393.             "port": null,
  394.             "addApplicationContextHeader": true,
  395.             "contextPath": "",
  396.             "ssl": null
  397.         }
  398.     },
  399.     "requestMappingEndpoint": {
  400.         "prefix": "endpoints.mappings",
  401.         "properties": {
  402.             "id": "mappings",
  403.             "sensitive": true,
  404.             "enabled": true
  405.         }
  406.     },
  407.     "endpoints.health-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.HealthMvcEndpointProperties": {
  408.         "prefix": "endpoints.health",
  409.         "properties": {
  410.             "mapping": {}
  411.         }
  412.     },
  413.     "spring.mvc-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcProperties": {
  414.         "prefix": "spring.mvc",
  415.         "properties": {
  416.             "dateFormat": null,
  417.             "servlet": {
  418.                 "loadOnStartup": -1
  419.             },
  420.             "staticPathPattern": "/**",
  421.             "dispatchOptionsRequest": true,
  422.             "dispatchTraceRequest": false,
  423.             "locale": null,
  424.             "ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect": true,
  425.             "logResolvedException": false,
  426.             "async": {
  427.                 "requestTimeout": null
  428.             },
  429.             "messageCodesResolverFormat": null,
  430.             "mediaTypes": {},
  431.             "view": {
  432.                 "prefix": null,
  433.                 "suffix": null
  434.             },
  435.             "localeResolver": "ACCEPT_HEADER",
  436.             "throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound": false
  437.         }
  438.     },
  439.     "diskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties": {
  440.         "prefix": "management.health.diskspace",
  441.         "properties": {
  442.             "path": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/.",
  443.             "threshold": 10485760
  444.         }
  445.     }
  446. }
1.5 生成接口道控制器的映射

在应用程序相对较小的时候，很容易搞清楚控制器都映射到了哪些接口上。如果Web界面的控制器和请求处理方法数量多，那最好能有一个列表，罗列出应用程序发布的全部接口。/mappings 接口就提供了这么一个列表。

  1. {
  2.     "/webjars/**": {
  3.         "bean": "resourceHandlerMapping"
  4.     },
  5.     "/**": {
  6.         "bean": "resourceHandlerMapping"
  7.     },
  8.     "/**/favicon.ico": {
  9.         "bean": "faviconHandlerMapping"
  10.     },
  11.     "{[/error]}": {
  12.         "bean": "requestMappingHandlerMapping",
  13.         "method": "public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)"
  14.     },
  15.     "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}": {
  16.         "bean": "requestMappingHandlerMapping",
  17.         "method": "public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)"
  18.     },
  19.     "{[/env/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  20.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  21.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EnvironmentMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)"
  22.     },
  23.     "{[/env || /env.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  24.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  25.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  26.     },
  27.     "{[/beans || /beans.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  28.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  29.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  30.     },
  31.     "{[/auditevents || /auditevents.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  32.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  33.         "method": "public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<?> org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.AuditEventsMvcEndpoint.findByPrincipalAndAfterAndType(java.lang.String,java.util.Date,java.lang.String)"
  34.     },
  35.     "{[/autoconfig || /autoconfig.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  36.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  37.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  38.     },
  39.     "{[/loggers/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  40.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  41.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.LoggersMvcEndpoint.get(java.lang.String)"
  42.     },
  43.     "{[/loggers/{name:.*}],methods=[POST],consumes=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  44.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  45.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.LoggersMvcEndpoint.set(java.lang.String,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>)"
  46.     },
  47.     "{[/loggers || /loggers.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  48.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  49.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  50.     },
  51.     "{[/heapdump || /heapdump.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/octet-stream]}": {
  52.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  53.         "method": "public void org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.HeapdumpMvcEndpoint.invoke(boolean,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse) throws java.io.IOException,javax.servlet.ServletException"
  54.     },
  55.     "{[/mappings || /mappings.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  56.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  57.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  58.     },
  59.     "{[/trace || /trace.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  60.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  61.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  62.     },
  63.     "{[/configprops || /configprops.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  64.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  65.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  66.     },
  67.     "{[/dump || /dump.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  68.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  69.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  70.     },
  71.     "{[/metrics/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  72.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  73.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.MetricsMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)"
  74.     },
  75.     "{[/metrics || /metrics.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  76.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  77.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  78.     },
  79.     "{[/health || /health.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  80.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  81.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.HealthMvcEndpoint.invoke(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,java.security.Principal)"
  82.     },
  83.     "{[/info || /info.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {
  84.         "bean": "endpointHandlerMapping",
  85.         "method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"
  86.     }
  87. }

这里我们可以看到不少接口的映射。每个映射的键都是一个字符串，其内容就是 Spring MVC 的 @RequestMapping 注解上设置的属性。实际上，这个字符串能让你清晰地了解控制器是如何映射的，哪怕不看源代码。每个映射的值都有两个属性：bean 和 method。bean 属性标识了 Spring Bean 的名字，映射源自这个Bean。method属性是映射对应方法的全限定方法签名。

2. 运行时指标

对运行时指标情况做一个快照，这对评估应用程序的健康情况很有帮助。Actuator 提供了一系列接口，让你能在运行时快速检查应用程序。

2.1 查看应用程序的指标值

关于运行中的应用程序，有很多有趣而且有用的信息。举个例子，了解应用程序的内存情况 (可用或空闲)有助于决定给JVM分配多少内存。对Web应用程序而言，不用查看Web服务器日志，如果请求失败或者是耗时太长，就可以大概知道内存的情况了。运行中的应用程序有诸多计数器和度量器，/metrics 接口提供了这些东西的快照。

  1. {
  2.     "mem": 365004,
  3.     "mem.free": 153938,
  4.     "processors": 8,
  5.     "instance.uptime": 852279,
  6.     "uptime": 855002,
  7.     "systemload.average": 3.509765625,
  8.     "heap.committed": 316928,
  9.     "heap.init": 262144,
  10.     "heap.used": 162989,
  11.     "heap": 3728384,
  12.     "nonheap.committed": 50816,
  13.     "nonheap.init": 2496,
  14.     "nonheap.used": 48077,
  15.     "nonheap": 0,
  16.     "threads.peak": 18,
  17.     "threads.daemon": 16,
  18.     "threads.totalStarted": 23,
  19.     "threads": 18,
  20.     "classes": 5974,
  21.     "classes.loaded": 5974,
  22.     "classes.unloaded": 0,
  23.     "gc.ps_scavenge.count": 4,
  24.     "gc.ps_scavenge.time": 35,
  25.     "gc.ps_marksweep.count": 1,
  26.     "gc.ps_marksweep.time": 27,
  27.     "httpsessions.max": -1,
  28.     "httpsessions.active": 0,
  29.     "gauge.response.mappings": 4,
  30.     "gauge.response.configprops": 155,
  31.     "counter.status.200.mappings": 1,
  32.     "counter.status.200.configprops": 1
  33. }

对 /metrics 接口提供的信息进行简单分类如下表：

分类 前缀 报告内容
垃圾收集器 gc.* 已经发生过的垃圾收集次数，以及垃圾收集所耗费的时间，适用于标记-清理垃圾收集器和并行垃圾收集器(数据源自java.lang.management. GarbageCollectorMXBean)
内存 mem.* 分配给应用程序的内存数量和空闲的内存数量(数据源自java.lang. Runtime)
堆 heap.* 当前内存用量(数据源自java.lang.management.MemoryUsage)
类加载器 classes.* JVM类加载器加载与卸载的类的数量(数据源自java.lang. management.ClassLoadingMXBean)
系统 processors、instance.uptime、uptime、systemload.average 系统信息，例如处理器数量(数据源自java.lang.Runtime)、运行时间(数据源自java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean)、平均负载(数据源自java.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean)
线程池 thread.* 线程、守护线程的数量，以及JVM启动后的线程数量峰值(数据源自 java.lang .management.ThreadMXBean)
数据源 datasource.* 数据源连接的数量(源自数据源的元数据，仅当Spring应用程序上下文里存在 DataSource Bean 的时候才会有这个信息)
Tomcat 会话 httpsessions.* Tomcat的活跃会话数和最大会话数(数据源自嵌入式Tomcat的Bean，仅在使用嵌入式Tomcat服务器运行应用程序时才有这个信息)
HTTP counter.status.、gauge.response. 多种应用程序服务HTTP请求的度量值与计数器

请注意，这里的一些度量值，比如数据源和Tomcat会话，仅在应用程序中运行特定组件时才有数据。你还可以注册自己的度量信息。
　　HTTP的计数器和度量值需要做一点说明。counter.status 后的值是HTTP状态码，随后是所请求的路径。举个例子，counter.status.200.metrics 表明/metrics端点返回 200(OK) 状态码的次数。
　　HTTP的度量信息在结构上也差不多，却在报告另一类信息。它们全部以gauge.response 开头,，表明这是HTTP响应的度量信息。前缀后是对应的路径。度量值是以毫秒为单位的时间，反映了最近处理该路径请求的耗时。
　　这里还有几个特殊的值需要注意。root路径指向的是根路径或/。star-star代表了那些Spring 认为是静态资源的路径，包括图片、JavaScript和样式表，其中还包含了那些找不到的资源。这就是为什么你经常会看到 counter.status.404.star-star，这是返回了HTTP 404 (NOT FOUND) 状态的请求数。　　
　　/metrics 接口会返回所有的可用度量值，但你也可能只对某个值感兴趣。要获取单个值，请求时可以在URL后加上对应的键名。例如，要查看空闲内存大小,可以向/metrics/mem.free发一 个GET请求。

2.2 追踪 Web 请求

/trace 接口能报告所有Web请求的详细信息，包括请求方法、路径、时间戳以及请求和响应的头信息。

  1. [
  2.     {
  3.         "timestamp": 1491279254447,
  4.         "info": {
  5.             "method": "GET",
  6.             "path": "/metrics",
  7.             "headers": {
  8.                 "request": {
  9.                     "host": "localhost:8080",
  10.                     "connection": "keep-alive",
  11.                     "upgrade-insecure-requests": "1",
  12.                     "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36",
  13.                     "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
  14.                     "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch, br",
  15.                     "accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6",
  16.                     "cookie": "JSESSIONID=24CCB83195B2A35F5193C97D2CD51D69"
  17.                 },
  18.                 "response": {
  19.                     "X-Application-Context": "application",
  20.                     "Content-Type": "application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json;charset=UTF-8",
  21.                     "Transfer-Encoding": "chunked",
  22.                     "Date": "Tue, 04 Apr 2017 04:14:14 GMT",
  23.                     "status": "200"
  24.                 }
  25.             }
  26.         }
  27.     }
  28. ]
2.3 导出线程活动

在确认应用程序运行情况时，除了跟踪请求，了解线程活动也会很有帮助。/dump 接口会生成当前线程活动的快照。

2.4 监控应用程序健康状况

如果你想知道自己的应用程序是否在运行,可以直接访问/health 接口。在最简单的情况下，该端点会显示一个简单的JSON，内容如下:

  1. {
  2.     "status": "UP",
  3.     "diskSpace": {
  4.         "status": "UP",
  5.         "total": 48978722816,
  6.         "free": 8812167168,
  7.         "threshold": 10485760
  8.     }
  9. }

二、定制 Actuator

虽然Actuator提供了很多运行中Spring Boot应用程序的内部工作细节，但难免和你的需求有所偏差。也许你并不需要它提供的所有功能，想要关闭一些也说不定。或者，你需要对Actuator 稍作扩展，增加一些自定义的度量信息，以满足你对应用程序的需求。

1. 修改接口 ID

每个Actuator 接口都有一个ID用来决定接口的路径，比方说，/beans接口的默认ID就是beans。比如要修改 /beans 为 /instances，则设置如下：

  1. endpoints.beans.id = instances
2. 启用和禁用接口

虽然Actuator的接口都很有用，但你不一定需要全部这些接口。默认情况下，所有接口(除 了/shutdown)都启用。比如要禁用 /metrics 接口，则可以设置如下：

  1. endpoints.metrics.enabled = false

如果你只想打开一两个接口，那就先禁用全部接口，然后启用那几个你要的，这样更方便。

  1. endpoints.enabled = false
  2. endpoints.metrics.enabled = true

3. 添加自定义度量信息

Actuator 自动配置有两个实例 CounterService 和 GaugeService 可以用来计数使用，我们所要做的就是把它们的实例注入所需的 bean 然后调用相应的方法。除此之外，我们还可以实现 PublicMetrics 接口，提供自己需要的度量信息。

4. 创建自定义跟踪仓库

默认情况下，/trace 接口报告的跟踪信息都存储在内存仓库里，100个条目封顶。一旦仓库满了，就开始移除老的条目，给新的条目腾出空间。在开发阶段这没什么问题，但在生产环境中，大流量会造成跟踪信息还没来得及看就被丢弃。我们可以将那些跟踪条目存储在其他地方——既不消耗内存，又能长久保存的地方。只需实现Spring Boot的TraceRepository接口即可。

5. 插入自定义的健康指示器

实现 HealthIndicator 接口则可以实现自定义的健康指示器。

6. 保护 Actuator 接口

很多Actuator端点发布的信息都可能涉及敏感数据，还有一些端点，(比如/shutdown)非常危险，可以用来关闭应用程序。因此，保护这些端点尤为重要,能访问它们的只能是那些经过授权的客户端。

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