Windows下使用pip安装python包是报错-UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xcb in position 0
先交待下开发环境:
操作系统:Windows 7
Python版本:2.7.9
Pip版本:6.1.1
其他环境忽略
在windows下使用pip下载python包,出现如下错误
- Collecting xxxxxx
- Exception:
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\basecommand.py", line 232, in main
- status = self.run(options, args)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\commands\install.py", line 339, in run
- requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\req\req_set.py", line 333, in prepare_files
- upgrade=self.upgrade,
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 305, in find_requirement
- page = self._get_page(main_index_url, req)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 783, in _get_page
- return HTMLPage.get_page(link, req, session=self.session)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 872, in get_page
- "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 473, in get
- return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 365, in request
- return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 461, in request
- resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 610, in send
- r.content
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 730, in content
- self._content = bytes().join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or bytes()
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 655, in generate
- for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True):
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 256, in stream
- data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 186, in read
- data = self._fp.read(amt)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 54, in read
- self.__callback(self.__buf.getvalue())
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\controller.py", line 217, in cache_response
- self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body=body),
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 268, in set
- return super(SafeFileCache, self).set(*args, **kwargs)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\caches\file_cache.py", line 83, in set
- with FileLock(name) as lock:
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\lockfile\mkdirlockfile.py", line 18, in __init__
- LockBase.__init__(self, path, threaded, timeout)
- File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\lockfile\__init__.py", line 189, in __init__
- hash(self.path)))
- File "D:\Python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 84, in join
- result_path = result_path + p_path
- UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xcb in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
'UnicodeDecodeError'这个词已经暴露了这个问题是个编码问题
什么原因导致了这样的问题?在我的电脑上出现这个问题的原因是由于我的用户目录是中文的,pip在下载的时候调用了这样一行代码
- temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp('-unpack', 'pip-')
pip把下载的临时文件存放在了用户临时文件中,这个目录一般是C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Temp,目录名中有中文,显然ascii这种编码是不支持的
那问题要怎么解决呢?有两种方法解决:
1、把上面的temp_dir那段代码修改一个不包含中文的目录,修改这段代码的文件位置在D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\pip-6.1.1-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py(位置由个人python安装目录决定)
2、修改编码为gbk,修改D:\Python27\Lib\ntpath.py(位置由个人python安装目录决定)文件中的def join(path, *paths)函数,在函数内第一行加入
- # Join two (or more) paths.
- def join(path, *paths):
- """Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\\" as needed."""
- reload(sys)
- sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk')
- result_drive, result_path = splitdrive(path)
- for p in paths:
- p_drive, p_path = splitdrive(p)
- if p_path and p_path[0] in '\\/':
- # Second path is absolute
- if p_drive or not result_drive:
- result_drive = p_drive
- result_path = p_path
- continue
- elif p_drive and p_drive != result_drive:
- if p_drive.lower() != result_drive.lower():
- # Different drives => ignore the first path entirely
- result_drive = p_drive
- result_path = p_path
- continue
- # Same drive in different case
- result_drive = p_drive
- # Second path is relative to the first
- if result_path and result_path[-1] not in '\\/':
- result_path = result_path + '\\'
- result_path = result_path + p_path
- ## add separator between UNC and non-absolute path
- if (result_path and result_path[0] not in '\\/' and
- result_drive and result_drive[-1:] != ':'):
- return result_drive + sep + result_path
- return result_drive + result_path
注意:
- reload(sys)
- sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk')
这两行代码是我后加入的
一切准备就绪,重新执行pip安装试试吧
总结:
1、据说python3的默认编码为'utf-8',可能不存在这种问题,没有实际测试过
2、这次我直接修改了python和pip中的源码,体现了python是脚本语言的特性
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