视频服务之ffmpeg部署

FFmpeg介绍

FFmpeg是一套可以用来记录、转换数字音频、视频，并能将其转化为流的开源计算机程序。

采用LGPL或GPL许可证。它提供了录制、转换以及流化音视频的完整解决方案。

它包含了非常先进的音频/视频编解码库libavcodec，为了保证高可移植性和编解码质量，libavcodec里很多code都是从头开发的。

测试环境说明：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain -.el6.x86_64 # SMP Tue May  :: UTC  x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# hostname -I
192.168.1.111
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain

1.升级系统

[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum update -y

2.安装Nux Dextop Yum 源

由于CentOS没有官方FFmpeg rpm软件包。但是，我们可以使用第三方YUM源（Nux Dextop）完成此工作。

a) CentOS 7

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro 

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

b) CentOS 6

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro 

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm

3.安装FFmpeg 和 FFmpeg开发包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel -y

4.测试是否安装成功

[root@localhost ~]# ffmpeg
ffmpeg version  Copyright (c) - the FFmpeg developers
  built with  (GCC)  (Red Hat -)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfaac --enable-nonfree --disable-indev=jack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-openal --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      . . 20.100
  libavcodec     . . 26.100
  libavformat    . . 25.101
  libavdevice    .  .  4.100
  libavfilter     . . 11.102
  libavresample   .  .   /  .  .
  libswscale      .  .  1.101
  libswresample   .  .  1.100
  libpostproc    .  .  3.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...

Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man ffmpeg'

5.如果你想了解更多关于FFmpeg使用方面的资料，可以输入：

[root@localhost ~]# ffmpeg -h
ffmpeg version  Copyright (c) - the FFmpeg developers
  built with  (GCC)  (Red Hat -)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfaac --enable-nonfree --disable-indev=jack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-openal --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      . . 20.100
  libavcodec     . . 26.100
  libavformat    . . 25.101
  libavdevice    .  .  4.100
  libavfilter     . . 11.102
  libavresample   .  .   /  .  .
  libswscale      .  .  1.101
  libswresample   .  .  1.100
  libpostproc    .  .  3.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...

Getting help:
    -h      -- print basic options
    -h long -- print more options
    -h full -- print all options (including all format and codec specific options, very long)
    See man ffmpeg for detailed description of the options.

Print help / information / capabilities:
-L                  show license
-h topic            show help
-? topic            show help
-help topic         show help
--help topic        show help
-version            show version
-buildconf          show build configuration
-formats            show available formats
-devices            show available devices
-codecs             show available codecs
-decoders           show available decoders
-encoders           show available encoders
-bsfs               show available bit stream filters
-protocols          show available protocols
-filters            show available filters
-pix_fmts           show available pixel formats
-layouts            show standard channel layouts
-sample_fmts        show available audio sample formats
-colors             show available color names
-sources device     list sources of the input device
-sinks device       list sinks of the output device

Global options (affect whole program instead of just one file:
-loglevel loglevel  set logging level
-v loglevel         set logging level
-report             generate a report
-max_alloc bytes    set maximum size of a single allocated block
-y                  overwrite output files
-n                  never overwrite output files
-stats              print progress report during encoding
-max_error_rate ratio of errors (% error  maximum error rate
-bits_per_raw_sample number  set the number of bits per raw sample
-vol volume         change audio volume (=normal)

Per-file main options:
-f fmt              force format
-c codec            codec name
-codec codec        codec name
-pre preset         preset name
-map_metadata outfile[,metadata]:infile[,metadata]  set metadata information of outfile from infile
-t duration         record or transcode "duration" seconds of audio/video
-to time_stop       record or transcode stop time
-fs limit_size      set the limit file size in bytes
-ss time_off        set the start time offset
-timestamp time     set the recording timestamp ('now' to set the current time)
-metadata string=string  add metadata
-target type        specify target file type ("vcd", "svcd", "dvd", "dv", "dv50", "pal-vcd", "ntsc-svcd", ...)
-apad               audio pad
-frames number      set the number of frames to output
-filter filter_graph  set stream filtergraph
-filter_script filename  read stream filtergraph description from a file
-reinit_filter      reinit filtergraph on input parameter changes
-discard            discard
-disposition        disposition

Video options:
-vframes number     set the number of video frames to output
-r rate             set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation)
-s size             set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-aspect aspect      set aspect ratio (:, : or 1.3333, 1.7777)
-bits_per_raw_sample number  set the number of bits per raw sample
-vn                 disable video
-vcodec codec       force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-timecode hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff  set initial TimeCode value.
-pass n              to )
-vf filter_graph    set video filters
-ab bitrate         audio bitrate (please use -b:a)
-b bitrate          video bitrate (please use -b:v)
-dn                 disable data

Audio options:
-aframes number     set the number of audio frames to output
-aq quality         set audio quality (codec-specific)
-ar rate            set audio sampling rate (in Hz)
-ac channels        set number of audio channels
-an                 disable audio
-acodec codec       force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-vol volume         change audio volume (=normal)
-af filter_graph    set audio filters

Subtitle options:
-s size             set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-sn                 disable subtitle
-scodec codec       force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-stag fourcc/tag    force subtitle tag/fourcc
-fix_sub_duration   fix subtitles duration
-canvas_size size   set canvas size (WxH or abbreviation)
-spre preset        set the subtitle options to the indicated preset