linux下tomcat作为daemon进程运行

在linux下如果想让tomcat在开机时自启动，可以将启动代码写到/etc/rc.local里面。但是，这样的话，tomcat将以root权限运行，这是不安全的。因此，要想办法让tomcat以非特权身份作为daemon运行。

 

要将tomcat作为linux的daemon运行，需要commons-daemon工程的jsvc工具，tomcat的bin目录里已经自带了这个工具的源码。

 

解压commons-daemon-native.tar.gz，进入unix子目录，然后configure。configure的时候需要指定jdk路径或者当前环境中有JAVA_HOME变量。

 

接下来在make的时候可能会出现如下错误：

ar: libservice.a: Malformed archive
make[]: *** [libservice.a] Error 1

这是一个已知的bug：

The file bin/commons-daemon-native.tar.gz contains dirty (already compiled)
code. On some systems this causes "make" to return the following error:
ar: libservice.a: Malformed archive
The solution is to run "make clean" before running "make".
I believe that "make clean" should be run before creating the tgz file, so that
there are no compiled/generated files laying around.

make以后得到jsvc文件，复制到tomcat的bin目录中。另外在native目录下有一个Tomcat5.sh，是用于tomcat自启动的一个模板，我们可以修改它快速得到一个符合要求的启动文件。在这里，我将它修改为如下内容：

#!/bin/sh
##############################################################################
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
##############################################################################
#
# Small shell script to show how to start/stop Tomcat using jsvc
# If you want to have Tomcat running on port  please modify the server.xml
# file:
#
#    <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port  -->
#    <Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
#               port="" minProcessors="" maxProcessors=""
#               enableLookups="true" redirectPort=""
#               acceptCount="" debug="" connectionTimeout=""/>
#
# That is for Tomcat-5.0.x (Apache Tomcat/5.0)
#
# Adapt the following lines to your configuration
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/sun-java6-jdk
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-
DAEMON_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME
TOMCAT_USER=tomcat6

# for multi instances adapt those lines.
TMP_DIR=/var/tmp
PID_FILE=/var/run/jsvc.pid
CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME

#CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/home/jfclere/jakarta-tomcat-connectors/jni/native/.libs"
CLASSPATH=/
$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:/
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar:/
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar

case "$1" in
  start)
    #
    # Start Tomcat
    #
     echo "Starting tomcat6..."
    $DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc /
    -user $TOMCAT_USER /
    -home $JAVA_HOME /
    -Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME /
    -Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE /
    -Djava.io.tmpdir=$TMP_DIR /
    -wait  /
    -pidfile $PID_FILE /
    -outfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out /
    -errfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.err /
    $CATALINA_OPTS /
    -cp $CLASSPATH /
    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
    #
    # To get a verbose JVM
    #-verbose /
    # To get a debug of jsvc.
    #-debug /
     if test $? -eq
     then
          exit
     else
          echo "Failed to start tomcat6"
          exit
     fi
    ;;

  stop)
    #
    # Stop Tomcat
    #
    $DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc /
    -stop /
    -pidfile $PID_FILE /
    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
     if test $? -eq
     then
          echo "tomcat6 stopped"
          exit
     else
          echo "Failed to stop tomcat6"
          exit
     fi
    ;;

  restart)
     #
     # Restart Tomcat
     #
     if $ stop
     then
          $ start
     else
          echo "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
     fi
     exit
     ;;

  *)
    echo "Usage: tomcat6 start|stop|restart"
    exit ;;
esac

在以上脚本里面指定了TOMCAT_USER，jsvc将先以特权身份启动tomcat，随后切换到指定的用户，这样可以使tomcat以非特权身份监听需要特权的端口。

 

加入系统服务（这里以Debian为例），将脚本复制到/etc/init.d，改名为tomcat6，然后执行

update-rc.d tomcat6 defaults

配置完成以后，tomcat就可以随系统自启动，并且以非特权用户作为daemon运行了。