【ASP.NET Core快速入门】（十四）MVC开发：UI、 EF + Identity实现、注册实现、登陆实现

前言

之前我们进行了MVC的web页面的Cookie-based认证实现，接下来的开发我们要基于之前的MvcCookieAuthSample项目做修改。

MvcCookieAuthSample项目地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wyt007/p/8128186.html

UI

我们首先在AccountController中添加两个Action

        public IActionResult Register()        
　　　　 {    
　　
　　　　　　　　return View();

        }

        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            return View();
        }

然后在Views文件夹下新增Account文件夹并新增Register.cshtml与Login.cshtml视图，样式我们尽量从上一节的Identity视图中拷贝过来。

我们还需要新建一个ViewModels，在ViewModels中新建RegisterViewModel.cs来接收表单提交的值以及来进行强类型视图

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels
{
    public class RegisterViewModel
    {
        //邮箱
        public string Email { get; set; }
        //密码
        public string Password { get; set; }
        //确认密码
        public string ConfirmedPassword { get; set; }
    }
}

Register.cshtml代码（只保留部分拷贝过来的内容，并加入强类型视图引用）：

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Register";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>
<h3>@ViewData["Message"]</h3>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <form  method="post">
            <h4>Create a new account.</h4>
            <hr />
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="ConfirmedPassword"></label>
                <input asp-for="ConfirmedPassword" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Register</button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

Login.cshtml代码（只保留部分拷贝过来的内容，并加入强类型视图引用）：

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <section>
            <form  method="post">
                <h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
                <hr />

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
                </div>

            </form>
        </section>
    </div>
</div>

然后在_Layout.cshtml中添加导航代码：

<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li>
</ul>

然后运行网站，UI已经实现

EF + Identity实现

EF实现

首先我们添加一个Data文件夹，由于VSCode的代码提示不是很好，接下来我们用VS2017开发。

我们首先在Models文件夹下面新建ApplicationUser.cs与ApplicationUserRole.cs

ApplicationUser.cs代码：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
    public class ApplicationUser:IdentityUser<int>//不加int的话是默认主键为guid
    {
    }
}

ApplicationUserRole.cs代码：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
    public class ApplicationUserRole: IdentityRole<int>//不加int的话是默认主键为guid
    {
    }
}

然后在Data文件夹下新建一个ApplicationDbContext.cs类，使它继承IdentityDbContext

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Data
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole,int>
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options):base(options)
        {

        }
    }
}

然后我们需要在Startup.cs添加EF的注册进来

//使用配置ApplicationDbContext使用sqlserver数据库，并配置数据库连接字符串
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options=> {
    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
});

然后我们需要在appsettings.json中配置数据库连接字符串

"ConnectionStrings": {
  "DefaultConnection": "Server=192.168.1.184;Database=aspnet-IdentitySample-9A22BB3E-8D53-4F44-B533-2EF927C959DE;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;uid=sa;pwd=123456"
}

EF实现结束

Identity实现

我们需要在Startup.cs添加Identity的注册进来

//配置Identity
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

由于默认的Identity在密码上限制比较严格，我们把它改的宽松简单一点（不设置也行）

//修改Identity配置
services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
{
    options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;//需要小写
    options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;//需要字母
    options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;//需要大写
});

然后我们把认证的地址改成/Account/Login

然后我们修改AccountController，加入以下代码

private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//创建用户的
private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用来登录的

//依赖注入
public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
{
    _userManager = userManager;
    _signInManager = signInManager;
}

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
    var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
    {
        Email = registerViewModel.Email,
        UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
        NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
    };
    var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
    if (identityResult.Succeeded)
    {
        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }

    return View();
}

完整的AccountController

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
using System.Security.Claims;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{

    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//创建用户的
        private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用来登录的

        //依赖注入
        public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
        {
            _userManager = userManager;
            _signInManager = signInManager;
        }

        public IActionResult Register()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
        {
            var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
            {
                Email = registerViewModel.Email,
                UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
                NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
            };
            var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
            if (identityResult.Succeeded)
            {
                return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
            }

            return View();
        }

        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            return View();
        }

        //登陆
        public IActionResult MakeLogin()
        {
            var claims=new List<Claim>(){
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"wyt"),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"admin")
            };

            var claimIdentity= new ClaimsIdentity(claims,CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,new ClaimsPrincipal(claimIdentity));

            return Ok();
        }

        //登出
        public IActionResult Logout()
        {
            HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

接下来我们重新生成一下，我们需要执行shell命令生成一下数据库，只有添加  Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools  才会生成成功，否则会报以下错误

执行命令总是提示 未找到与命令“dotnet-ef”匹配的可执行文件，根据网上的解决办法引用 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 问题依旧不能得到解决。

解决办法：

右击项目弹出菜单点击编辑***.csprog,增加如下配置。

<ItemGroup>
    <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

执行增加配置命令后

这时候Data文件夹下已经有新增的数据库更新配置文件了

然后我们执行更新命令，执行成功后我们就可以看到数据库表已经生成了

接下来我们运行一下网站进行注册，注册成功，已经存储进数据库

注册实现

前面虽然可以注册了，但是我们注册完成后并没有生成Cookies信息。所以我们要在Register方法中进行登陆生成Cookies

完整的注册方法如下：

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
    var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
    {
        Email = registerViewModel.Email,
        UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
        NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
    };
    var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
    if (identityResult.Succeeded)
    {
        //注册完成登录生成cookies信息
        await _signInManager.SignInAsync(identityUser, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }

    return View();
}

一般来说，如果用户已经注册或者登陆了，注册和登陆按钮是要隐藏的，所以我们接下来要修改_Layout.cshtml视图页面判断注册/登陆按钮是否应该隐藏

完整的_Layout.cshtml代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - MvcCookieAuthSample</title>

    <environment include="Development">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" />
    </environment>
    <environment exclude="Development">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
              asp-fallback-href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
              asp-fallback-test-class="sr-only" asp-fallback-test-property="position" asp-fallback-test-value="absolute" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.min.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    </environment>
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
                    <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index" class="navbar-brand">MvcCookieAuthSample</a>
            </div>
            <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li>
                </ul>

                @if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
                {
                    <form asp-action="Logout" asp-controller="Account" method="post">
                        <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                            <li>
                                <a title="Welcome" asp-controller="Admin" asp-action="Index">@User.Identity.Name</a>
                            </li>
                            <li>
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">Log out</button>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </form>

                }
                else
                {
                    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
                        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li>
                    </ul>
                }

            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class="container body-content">
        @RenderBody()
        <hr />
        <footer>
            <p>&copy;  - MvcCookieAuthSample</p>
        </footer>
    </div>

    <environment include="Development">
        <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
        <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
        <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
    </environment>
    <environment exclude="Development">
        <script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-2.2.0.min.js"
                asp-fallback-src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"
                asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery"
                crossorigin="anonymous"
                integrity="sha384-K+ctZQ+LL8q6tP7I94W+qzQsfRV2a+AfHIi9k8z8l9ggpc8X+Ytst4yBo/hH+8Fk">
        </script>
        <script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js"
                asp-fallback-src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
                asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery && window.jQuery.fn && window.jQuery.fn.modal"
                crossorigin="anonymous"
                integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa">
        </script>
        <script src="~/js/site.min.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
    </environment>

    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

这时候登陆的之后的导航栏信息就有了

登陆实现

我们接下来实现一下登陆逻辑，我们首先新建一个HttpPost的Login的Action

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(RegisterViewModel loginViewModel)
{
    var user= await _userManager.FindByEmailAsync(loginViewModel.Email);
    if (user==null)
    {
        //异常先不写，后期统一收集
    }
    //账号密码先不做验证，需要可以自己写
    await _signInManager.SignInAsync(user, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

然后我们把原来的Logout也顺便修改一下，不能是return OK();而要跳转到首页

//登出
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
{
    //HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
    //return Ok();

    await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

接下来我们修改一下Login.cshtml页面

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <section>
            <form  method="post" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">
                <h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
                <hr />

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
                </div>

            </form>
        </section>
    </div>
</div>

接下来我们可以运行一下登陆注册，即可成功登陆后跳转到首页，注册后跳转倒是首页