[Oracle19C ASM管理] 安装和配置ASM以及Oracle数据库

一般设置

• 关闭防火墙
  
  检查防火墙状态
  
  systemctl status firewalld.service
  
  暂时关闭防火墙，下次启动时防火墙仍随系统启动而启动
  
  systemctl stop firewalld.service
  
  彻底永久关闭防火墙
  
  systemctl disable firewalld.service

• 关闭SELINUX防火墙！
  
  vi /etc/selinux/config
  
  将内容SELINUX=enforcing更改为SELINUX=disabled

• 将 ip地址和主机名添加到 ： /etc/hosts
  
  例如添加：
  
  192.168.136.136 centos7-19c centos7-19c.localdomain

二 配置先决条件的yum源

• 挂载光盘镜像
  
  注：在虚拟机挂载光盘镜像以后，务必使用某个用户进入到虚拟机LINUX下看到桌面弹出小光盘为止（图形界面）
  
  mkdir /yums
  
  cd /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages
  
  cp * /yums
  
  cd /yums

CENTOS7（这个目前适用于CENTOS7.4以及以下版本，如果你使用的是高版本的话，请自己注意具体包的名称，实在不知道就用tab键补全）

rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch.rpm

createrepo .

切换到yum的配置目录里

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

删除所有系统默认的yum源配置文件

rm -rf *

建立本地yum源配置文件

vi yum.local.repo

[local]

name=yum local repo

baseurl=file:///yums

gpgcheck=0

enable=1

保存退出

yum clean all

测试一下

yum install gcc

如果有反应就说明你的yum服务器配置成功了

安装先决条件包：

yum install -y bc

yum install -y compat-libcap1*

yum install -y compat-libcap*

yum install -y binutils

yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33

yum install -y elfutils-libelf

yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel

yum install -y gcc

yum install -y gcc-c++

yum install -y glibc-2.5

yum install -y glibc-common

yum install -y glibc-devel

yum install -y glibc-headers

yum install -y ksh libaio

yum install -y libaio-devel

yum install -y libgcc

yum install -y libstdc++

yum install -y libstdc++-devel

yum install -y make

yum install -y sysstat

yum install -y unixODBC

yum install -y unixODBC-devel

yum install -y binutils*

yum install -y compat-libstdc*

yum install -y elfutils-libelf*

yum install -y gcc*

yum install -y glibc*

yum install -y ksh*

yum install -y libaio*

yum install -y libgcc*

yum install -y libstdc*

yum install -y make*

yum install -y sysstat*

yum install -y libXp*

yum install -y glibc-kernheaders

yum install -y net-tools-*

yum install -y iscsi-initiator-utils

yum install -y udev

yum install -y xclock*

三 内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 67747971072

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.core.somaxconn = 262144

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

生成系统参数

sysctl -p

四.添加下列参数到/etc/security/limits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 16384

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

oracle hard memlock 134217728

oracle soft memlock 134217728

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft nproc 16384

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard stack 32768

grid hard memlock 134217728

grid soft memlock 134217728

五.添加下列条目到/etc/pam.d/login

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

六.环境变量中添加下列语句

vim /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

生成环境变量

source /etc/profile

七.创建文件目录和相应的用户

增加用户与组：

groupadd -g 601 oinstall

groupadd -g 602 dba

groupadd -g 603 oper

groupadd -g 604 backupdba

groupadd -g 605 dgdba

groupadd -g 606 kmdba

groupadd -g 607 asmdba

groupadd -g 608 asmoper

groupadd -g 609 asmadmin

useradd -u 601 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,dba,asmoper grid

useradd -u 602 -g oinstall -G dba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmadmin,oper,asmdba oracle

我们用这种最安全的方法修改grid和oracle用户密码

passwd grid

passwd oracle

以root用户，创建Oracle Inventory 目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

以root用户，创建GRID HOME目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/19c/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/19c

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/19c/

以root用户，创建Oracle Base目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

以root用户，创建Oracle RDBMS Home目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1

--> 从这里开始做

八.GRID用户好ORACLE用户添加环境变量

su - grid

grid用户的环境变量如下：

vim ~/.bash_profile(千万不能沾入到文件中)

PS1="[whoami@hostname:"'$PWD]$'

export PS1

umask 022

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19c/grid

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export THREADS_FLAG=native

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

生成环境变量

source ~/.bash_profile

su - oracle

oracle用户的环境变量如下：

vim ~/.bash_profile

PS1="[whoami@hostname:"'$PWD]$'

export PS1

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle19c-asm (这个地方请填写你的主机名)

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl1

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export THREADS_FLAG=native;export THREADS_FLAG

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

生成环境变量

source ~/.bash_profile

关闭内存大页

Oracle官方建议关闭内存透明大页Transparent Huge Page

1 修改grub文件

cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak

vi /etc/default/grub

2 增加一行transparent_hugepage=never到尾部

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"

3 执行命令

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

4 不重启生效

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

5 查看是否禁用透明大页

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo

AnonHugePages: 0 kB---------->>>返回值若是零代表关闭

建议重新启动。我试过了 好像不重启不行

挂载硬盘

关闭虚拟机，向虚拟机添加额外三块硬盘，分别是25G，30G，35G。

重新开启虚拟机。