hibernate 多对多(many-to-many)
多对多(many-to-many):在操作和性能方面都不太理想,所以多对多的映射使用较少,实际使用中最好转换成一对多的对象模型;hibernate会为我们创建中间关联表,转换成两个一对多。
1. E-R图
2. 实体类:
Teacher实体类如下:
- package com.reiyen.hibernate.domain;
- import java.util.Set;
- public class Teacher {
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set<Student> students;
- //setter和getter方法
- }
Student实体类如下:
- package com.reiyen.hibernate.domain;
- import java.util.Set;
- public class Student {
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set<Teacher> teachers;
- //setter和getter方法
- }
3.映射文件如下:
Teacher.hbm.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0"?>
- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
- "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
- "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
- <hibernate-mapping package="com.reiyen.hibernate.domain">
- <class name="Teacher">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native" />
- </id>
- <property name="name" />
- <!-- 通过table项告诉hibernate中间表的名称 -->
- <set name="students" table="teacher_student">
- <!-- 通过key属性告诉hibernate在中间表里面查询teacher_id值相应的teacher记录 -->
- <key column="teacher_id" />
- <!-- 通过column项告诉hibernate对student表中查找student_id值相就的studnet记录 -->
- <many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id" />
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
Student.hbm.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0"?>
- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
- "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
- "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
- <hibernate-mapping package="com.reiyen.hibernate.domain">
- <class name="Student" >
- <id name="id" >
- <generator class="native" />
- </id>
- <property name="name" />
- <set name="teachers" table="teacher_student">
- <key column="student_id" />
- <many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
一定要注意映射文件中<many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>中class的值,它必须与你另一个关联映射文件中的class属性的name值一致,其实就是与你的实体类的类名一致,如:<many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>中class的值就不能写成"teacher"。如果写成这样的话,就会抛出如下异常:An association
from the table teacher_student refers to an unmapped class: com.reiyen .hibernate.domain.teacher
4. 测试程序如下:
- public class Many2Many {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- add();
- //query(1);
- }
- static void query(int id) {
- Session s = null;
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
- tx = s.beginTransaction();
- Teacher t = (Teacher) s.get(Teacher.class, id);
- System.out.println("students:" + t.getStudents().size());
- tx.commit();
- } finally {
- if (s != null)
- s.close();
- }
- }
- static void add() {
- Session s = null;
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- Set<Teacher> ts = new HashSet<Teacher>();
- Teacher t1 = new Teacher();
- t1.setName("t1 name");
- ts.add(t1);
- Teacher t2 = new Teacher();
- t2.setName("t2 name");
- ts.add(t2);
- Set<Student> ss = new HashSet<Student>();
- Student s1 = new Student();
- s1.setName("s1");
- ss.add(s1);
- Student s2 = new Student();
- s2.setName("s2");
- ss.add(s2);
- t1.setStudents(ss); //1
- t2.setStudents(ss); //1
- //
- // s1.setTeachers(ts); //2
- // s2.setTeachers(ts); //2
- s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
- tx = s.beginTransaction();
- s.save(t1);
- s.save(t2);
- s.save(s1);
- s.save(s2);
- tx.commit();
- } finally {
- if (s != null)
- s.close();
- }
- }
- }
运行此程序后:控制台打印的sql语句如下所示:
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
一共在中间表里面插入了4条记录。
中间表结构如下所示:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`teacher_student`;
CREATE TABLE `test`.`teacher_student` (
`teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`,`teacher_id`),
KEY `FK2E2EF2DE6C8A2663` (`teacher_id`),
KEY `FK2E2EF2DE5BEEDBC3` (`student_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK2E2EF2DE5BEEDBC3` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK2E2EF2DE6C8A2663` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
表中插入的记录如下所示:
mysql> select * from teacher_student;
+------------+------------+
| teacher_id | student_id |
+------------+------------+
| 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
+------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
程序中注释为1的语句非常重要,它是建立Teacher与Student关联的语句,如果没有这两条语句,虽然程序照样会执行,但是在中间表teacher_student没有任何记录,也就是Teacher与Student之间未关联。
当然你也可以通过程序中注释为2的语句来建立Teacher与Student之间的关联关系,同样会产生与注释为1的语句的效果。但是你不能在程序中同时出现以上四句程序,否则会抛出异常( PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`,`teacher_id`),所以会出现主键冲突的异常),:
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
解决上面产生异常的办法是设置inverse属性。即在Tearcher一端或Student一端设置inverse="true",即让他们之中的某一方放弃维护关联关系。此时,虽然上面四句程序在测试程序中同时出现了(其实就是在对象模型上相互设置了他们的关联关系),但程序照样能运行正常,因为了在数据库模型上,只会有两句程序生效,也就是没有设置inverse="true"的那一端会去维护关联关系。有关inverse的说细信息,可以参看我的文章hibernate级联(cascade和inverse).
执行测试程序中的查询测试,控制台打印的信息如下所示:
Hibernate: select teacher0_.id as id5_0_, teacher0_.name as name5_0_ from Teacher teacher0_ where teacher0_.id=?
Hibernate: select students0_.teacher_id as teacher1_1_, students0_.student_id as student2_1_, student1_.id as id7_0_, student1_.name as name7_0_ from teacher_student students0_ left outer join Student student1_ on students0_.student_id=student1_.id where students0_.teacher_id=?
students:2
从打印出的sql语句可以看出,多对多关系进行查询时,效率是比较低的。
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