项目01-nginx模块

项目01-nginx模块

1、nginx介绍

nginx是一款高性能web服务器和反向代理服务器，在互联网项目中使用非常频繁，尤其其出色的性能以及轻量级进程占用，已经超过了apache的httpd服务器的使用量。内部可以配置零拷贝实现快速文件传输。

2、openresty

openresty是将nginx现有一些重要插件做了集成，省去安装nginx之后还需要在安装插件的繁琐步骤，内置luajit插件，能解决接受post提交请求、json消息体解析等功能。

3、安装openresty

3.1 windows下安装

下载软件包D:\downloads\openresty-1.13.6.1-win32.zip，解压即可。

3.2 linux下安装

1. 添加openresty yum源

   创建/etc/yum.repos.d/openresty.repo文件，内容如下：

   [openresty]
   name=Official OpenResty Open Source Repository for CentOS
   baseurl=https://openresty.org/package/centos/$releasever/$basearch
   skip_if_unavailable=False
   gpgcheck=1
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   gpgkey=https://openresty.org/package/pubkey.gpg
   enabled=1
   enabled_metadata=1
   

2. 清空yum缓存并重建缓存

   #切换到root账户下操作
   $>su root
   $>yum clean all
   $>yum makecache
   

3. 通过yum进行安装

   #搜索openresty软件包
   $>sudo yum cache search openresty
   $>sudo yum install openresty
   

   ​

4、配置反向代理服务器

配置文件为openresty-1.13.6.1-win32\conf\nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

#    log_format  main  escape=json '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'
#                      '"$request_body"'
#                      '"$http_client_time"';
    log_format  main  escape=json $remote_addr#$http_client_time#$time_local#$status#$request_body;

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
	##############################################################
	########         该部分为反向代理                ###############
	##############################################################
	upstream servers{
		server s101:80 weight=1;
		server s102:80 weight=1;
	}

	map $http_x_forwarded_for  $clientRealIp {
		~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9\.]+),?.*$    $firstAddr;
	}

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
		#
		underscores_in_headers on;

        location / {
            #root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
			error_page 405 =200 $1;
			lua_need_request_body on;
			content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';

			proxy_pass http://servers;
			proxy_set_header Host $host;
			proxy_set_header remove_user_ip $remote_addr;
			proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}

5、配置centos上的nginx web服务器

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
        worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;

        log_format  main  escape=json $msec#$time_local#$clientRealIp#$http_client_time#$status#$request_body;
        access_log  logs/access.log  main;

        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;

        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;

        #gzip  on;

        map $http_x_forwarded_for  $clientRealIp {
                ~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9\.]+),?.*$    $firstAddr;
        }

        server {
                listen       8888;
                server_name  localhost;

                #charset koi8-r;

                #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
                underscores_in_headers on;

                location / {
                        root   html;
                        index  index.html index.htm;
                        error_page 405 =200 $1;
                        lua_need_request_body on;
                        content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';
                }

                #error_page  404              /404.html;

                # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
                #
                error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
                location = /50x.html {
                        root   html;
                }

                # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
                #
                #location ~ \.php$ {
                #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
                #}
        }
}

6、nginx管理命令

6.1 启动openresty

$>su root				#切换到root账户
$>openresty				#启动命令

6.2 停止命令

$>su root
$>openresty -s stop		#停止命令

6.3 重新加载配置文件

$>su root
$>openresty -s reload	#重新加载

6.4 检查配置文件正确性

$>su root
$>openresty -t			#检查文件

6.5 查看帮助

#查看帮助
$>sudo openresty -h
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/openresty/nginx/)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

$>sudo openresty -s reload | stop | quit |reopen
$>sudo openresty -t

7、注意事项

7.1 关闭centos的防火墙与开启自启

$>sudo service firewalld status		#查看防火墙
$>sudo service firewalld start		#启动防火墙
$>sudo service firewalld stop		#停止后防火墙

$>sudo chkconfig firewalld off		#关闭开机自启
$>sudo chkconfig firewalld on		#启动开机自启
$>sudo chkconfig					#查看开机自启项列表

7.2 不要使用浏览器访问nginx

我们配置的nginx服务器接受post方式访问，浏览器是get方式，因此无法访问nginx服务器，可以在chrome中安装poster插件实现发送post请求。