elasticsearch start

启动、停止服务

默认官方版启动：

linux：./bin/elasticsearch start

window：直接运行bin/elasticsearch.bat

默认官方版停止：

linux：kill 掉elasticsearch 进程。

window：管理启动的elasticsearch.bat 窗口

中文集成版启动与停止：

中文集成版集成了 elasticsearch-servicewrapper这个es插件

linux：

                         ./elasticsearch console  ------前台运行
                         ./elasticsearch start    ------后台运行
                         ./elasticsearch install  -------添加到系统自动启动
                         ./elasticsearch remove   -----取消随系统自动启动

                         ./elasticsearch stop     ------停止

                         ./elasticsearch restart  ------重新启动

window：直接运行elasticsearch.bat

Tips:

ik_max_word: 会将文本做最细粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,中华人民,中华,华人,人民共和国,人民,人,民,共和国,共和,和,国国,国歌”，会穷尽各种可能的组合；

ik_smart: 会做最粗粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,国歌”。

Download and install the .tar.gz packageedit
The .tar.gz archive for Elasticsearch v6.2.3 can be downloaded and installed as follows:

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz.sha512

[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# shasum
-bash: shasum: command not found
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]#
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]#
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# yum install perl-Digest-SHA -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 :5.85-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) for package: :perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Digest.noarch :1.17-.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================================
 Package                             Arch                       Version                            Repository              Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 perl-Digest-SHA                     x86_64                     :5.85-.el7                       os                       k
Installing for dependencies:
 perl-Digest                         noarch                     1.17-.el7                       os                       k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install   Package (+ Dependent package)

Total download size:  k
Installed size:  k
Downloading packages:
(/): perl-Digest-1.17-.el7.noarch.rpm                                                               |   kB  ::
(/): perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                             |   kB  ::
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                            kB/s |   kB  ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : perl-Digest-1.17-.el7.noarch                                                                              /
  Installing : :perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-.el7.x86_64                                                                          /
  Verifying  : perl-Digest-1.17-.el7.noarch                                                                              /
  Verifying  : :perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-.el7.x86_64                                                                          / 

Installed:
  perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 :5.85-.el7                                                                                           

Dependency Installed:
  perl-Digest.noarch :1.17-.el7                                                                                             

Complete!
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]#
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-6.2..tar.gz.sha512
elasticsearch-6.2..tar.gz: OK
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# 

http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/zip-targz.html

 ./elasticsearch
[--17T15::,][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]
        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:) ~[elasticsearch-6.2..jar:6.2.]

Elasticsearch Reference [6.2] » Set up Elasticsearch » Installing Elasticsearch » Install Elasticsearch with .zip or .tar.gz
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/zip-targz.html#_checking_that_elasticsearch_is_running

异常描述为不能以root权限运行Elasticsearch.
解决办法是运行时加上参数：
bin/elasticsearch -Des.insecure.allow.root=true

或者修改bin/elasticsearch，加上ES_JAVA_OPTS属性：
ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Des.insecure.allow.root=true"
保存之后重启Elasticsearch。

安装运行

1、前置安装java8
jdk-8u112-linux-x64.rpm
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

2、下载
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.1.1.zip

3、解压
unzip elasticsearch-5.1.1.zip

4、运行
./bin/elasticsearch
./bin/elasticsearch -d #后台运行
tail -f logs/elasticsearch.log #查看日志

注：ES有执行脚本的能力，因安全因素，不能在root用户下运行，强行运行会报如下错误：
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
解决方案：
groupadd es #增加es组
useradd es -g es -p pwd #增加es用户并附加到es组
chown -R es:es elasticsearch-5.1.1 #给目录权限
su es #使用es用户
./bin/elasticsearch -d #后台运行es

外网访问
vi conf/elasticsearch.yml
修改network.host: 0.0.0.0
再次启动linux可能出现如下类似错误
bootstrap checks failed
max file descriptors [65535] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]

解决方案
1、vi /etc/sysctl.conf
设置fs.file-max=655350
保存之后sysctl -p使设置生效

2、vi /etc/security/limits.conf 新增
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350

3、重新使用SSH登录，再次启动elasticsearch即可。
外网访问：serverip:9200/

安装elasticsearch-head插件

elasticsearch 5以后的版本比较新，不支持直接安装head插件，以下是github上提供的安装方法，如下图示

1、下载head插件
wget https://codeload.github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/zip/master

2、下载nodejs
nodejs官网下载地址https://nodejs.org/dist/
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v6.9.2/node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar.xz

3、配置node环境变量
xz –d node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar –xvf node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar
mv node-v6.9.2-linux-x64 /alidata/app/node

vim /etc/profile
export NODE_HOME=/alidata/app/node
export PATH=$PATH:$NODE_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

# node –v
v6.9.2
# npm –v
3.10.9

4、安装grunt
cd elasticsearch-head-master
npm install -g grunt --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

5、测试一下
cd elasticsearch-head-master
grunt
出现以下提示，为Gruntfile.js引用的，缺少以下包

>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-clean" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-concat" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-watch" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-connect" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-copy" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-jasmine" not found. Is it installed?
Warning: Task "connect:server" not found. Use --force to continue.

Aborted due to warnings.

安装

npm install grunt-contrib-clean --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-concat --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-watch --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-connect --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-copy --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-jasmine --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

6、运行
grunt server

7、测试
http://serverip:9100/
修改head目录下的Gruntfile.js配置，head默认监听127.0.0.1
vm Gruntfile.js
hostname: '0.0.0.0',

8、为es设置跨域访问
vi config/elasticsearch.yml #新增两行
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

9、启动es，启动head插件
https://blog.csdn.net/laotoumo/article/details/53890279

一、拼音分词的应用

---

拼音分词在日常生活中其实很常见，也许你每天都在用。打开淘宝看一看吧,输入拼音”zhonghua”,下面会有包含”zhonghua”对应的中文”中华”的商品的提示：

拼音分词是根据输入的拼音提示对应的中文，通过拼音分词提升搜索体验、加快搜索速度。下面介绍如何在Elasticsearch 5.1.1中配置和实现pinyin+iK分词。

二、IK分词器下载与安装

---

关于IK分词器的介绍不再多少，一言以蔽之，IK分词是目前使用非常广泛分词效果比较好的中文分词器。做ES开发的，中文分词十有八九使用的都是IK分词器。

下载地址:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik 
配置之前关闭elasticsearch，配置完成以后再重启。 
IK的版本要和当前ES的版本一致，README中有说明。我使用的是ES是5.1.1，IK的版本为5.1.1(你也许会奇怪为什么IK上一个版本是1.X,下一个版本一下升到5.X?是因为Elastic官方为了统一版本号，之前es的版本是2.x,logstash的版本是2.x,同时Kibana的版本是4.x，ik的版本是1.x，这样版本很混乱。5.0之后，统一版本号，这样你使用5.1.1的es，其它软件的版本也使用5.1.1就好了)。

下载之后进入到elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin-master目录，mvn打包(没有安装maven的自行安装)，运行命令：

    mvn package

打包成功以后，会生成一个target文件夹，在elasticsearch-analysis-ik-master/target/releases目录下，找到elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip，这就是我们需要的安装文件。解压elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip，得到下面内容：

commons-codec-1.9.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
config
elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.jar
httpclient-4.5.2.jar
httpcore-4.4.4.jar
plugin-descriptor.properties

然后在elasticsearch-5.1.1/plugins目录下新建一个文件夹ik，把elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip解压后的文件拷贝到elasticsearch-5.1.1/plugins/ik目录下.截图方便理解。 

三、pinyin分词器下载与安装

---

pinyin分词器的下载地址: 
https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin

安装过程和IK一样，下载、打包、加入ES。这里不在重复上述步骤，给出最后配置截图 

四、分词测试

IK和pinyin分词配置完成以后，重启ES。如果重启过程中ES报错，说明安装有错误，没有报错说明配置成功。

4.1 IK分词测试

创建一个索引:

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/index"

测试分词效果:

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&text=中华人民共和国"

分词结果:

   {
    "tokens": [{
        "token": "中华人民共和国",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 7,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 0
    }, {
        "token": "中华人民",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 4,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 1
    }, {
        "token": "中华",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 2,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 2
    }, {
        "token": "华人",
        "start_offset": 1,
        "end_offset": 3,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 3
    }, {
        "token": "人民共和国",
        "start_offset": 2,
        "end_offset": 7,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 4
    }, {
        "token": "人民",
        "start_offset": 2,
        "end_offset": 4,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 5
    }, {
        "token": "共和国",
        "start_offset": 4,
        "end_offset": 7,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 6
    }, {
        "token": "共和",
        "start_offset": 4,
        "end_offset": 6,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 7
    }, {
        "token": "国",
        "start_offset": 6,
        "end_offset": 7,
        "type": "CN_CHAR",
        "position": 8
    }, {
        "token": "国歌",
        "start_offset": 7,
        "end_offset": 9,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 9
    }]
}

使用ik_smart分词:

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&text=中华人民共和国"

分词结果:

{
    "tokens": [{
        "token": "中华人民共和国",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 7,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 0
    }, {
        "token": "国歌",
        "start_offset": 7,
        "end_offset": 9,
        "type": "CN_WORD",
        "position": 1
    }]
}

截图方便理解: 

4.2拼音分词测试

测试拼音分词:

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=pinyin&text=张学友"

分词结果:

{
    "tokens": [{
        "token": "zhang",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 1,
        "type": "word",
        "position": 0
    }, {
        "token": "xue",
        "start_offset": 1,
        "end_offset": 2,
        "type": "word",
        "position": 1
    }, {
        "token": "you",
        "start_offset": 2,
        "end_offset": 3,
        "type": "word",
        "position": 2
    }, {
        "token": "zxy",
        "start_offset": 0,
        "end_offset": 3,
        "type": "word",
        "position": 3
    }]
}

五、IK+pinyin分词配置

5.1创建索引与分析器设置

创建一个索引，并设置index分析器相关属性:

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/medcl/" -d'
{
    "index": {
        "analysis": {
            "analyzer": {
                "ik_pinyin_analyzer": {
                    "type": "custom",
                    "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
                    "filter": ["my_pinyin", "word_delimiter"]
                }
            },
            "filter": {
                "my_pinyin": {
                    "type": "pinyin",
                    "first_letter": "prefix",
                    "padding_char": " "
                }
            }
        }
    }
}'

创建一个type并设置mapping:

curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_mapping -d'
{
    "folks": {
        "properties": {
            "name": {
                "type": "keyword",
                "fields": {
                    "pinyin": {
                        "type": "text",
                        "store": "no",
                        "term_vector": "with_positions_offsets",
                        "analyzer": "ik_pinyin_analyzer",
                        "boost": 10
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}'

5.2索引测试文档

索引2份测试文档。 
文档1:

curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/andy -d'{"name":"刘德华"}'

文档2:

curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/tina -d'{"name":"中华人民共和国国歌"}'

5.3测试(1)拼音分词

下面四条命命令都可以匹配”刘德华”

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:liu"

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:de"

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:hua"

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:ldh"

5.4测试(2)IK分词测试

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/_search?pretty" -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name.pinyin": "国歌"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name.pinyin": {}
    }
  }
}'

返回结果:

{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 16.698704,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "medcl",
        "_type" : "folks",
        "_id" : "tina",
        "_score" : 16.698704,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "中华人民共和国国歌"
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "name.pinyin" : [
            "<em>中华人民共和国</em><em>国歌</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

说明IK分词器起到了效果。

5.3测试(4)pinyin+ik分词测试：

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/_search?pretty" -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name.pinyin": "zhonghua"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name.pinyin": {}
    }
  }
}'

返回结果:

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 5.9814634,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "medcl",
        "_type" : "folks",
        "_id" : "tina",
        "_score" : 5.9814634,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "中华人民共和国国歌"
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "name.pinyin" : [
            "<em>中华人民共和国</em>国歌"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "medcl",
        "_type" : "folks",
        "_id" : "andy",
        "_score" : 2.2534127,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "刘德华"
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "name.pinyin" : [
            "<em>刘德华</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

截图如下: 

使用pinyin分词以后，原始的字段搜索要加上.pinyin后缀，搜索原始字段没有返回结果：

六、参考资料

1. https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik
2. https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin
3. https://my.oschina.net/xiaohui249/blog/214505

https://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/53907921