linux运维、架构之路-Lnmp架构部署

一、Lnmp架构原理

二、 Lnmp架构软件安装

1、Nginx安装脚本

#!/bin/bash
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
mkdir -p /server/tools/
cd /server/tools/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.10..tar.gz
yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel -y
cd /server/tools/nginx-1.10.
./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.10. --user=www --group=www  --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
ln -s /application/nginx-1.10./ /application/nginx
ln -s /application/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/sbin/
nginx
lsof -i:

2、MySQL安装脚本

#!/bin/bash
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
cd /server/tools
tar xf mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /application/
mv /server/tools/mysql-5.6.-*-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.6.
ln -s /application/mysql-5.6./ /application/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql
\cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
\cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
lsof -i:
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ''

二进制安装MySQL详细步骤：
①下载解压二进制软件包

mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz

②创建MySQL管理用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin  -M mysql

③将mysql解压后的程序包搬家到程序目录下，并进行重命名

mkdir -p /application/
mv /server/tools/mysql-5.6.-*-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.6.

④为mysql服务程序创建软链接

ln -s /application/mysql-5.6./ /application/mysql

⑤授权MySQL用户管理/application/mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/

⑥初始化数据库

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql

⑦复制启动脚本并授权

cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

⑧修改启动脚本 和 mysql命令中的路径

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld

⑨复制默认配置文件

\cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

⑩登录数据库命令简化方法

echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
which mysql

MySQL基础命令使用：

命令	说明
show databases;	查询显示所有的数据库信息
create database oldboy;	创建新的数据库
drop database oldboy;	删除存在的数据库
use mysql;	表示选择使用一个数据库，相当于cd进入一个数据库
show tables;	查看数据库中表信息
select database();	表示查看当前所在数据库，类似于pwd命令的功能
select user();	查看当前登录数据库的用户，类似于whoami命令
select * from user\G;	查看user表中所有信息，并且纵行显示
select user,host from user;	查看user表中指定信息，并且横行显示
select user,host from mysql.user;	查看可以登录mysql数据库的目录，以及都可以从哪里进行管理mysql数据库
drop user 'user'@'host';	删除用户
flush privileges;	刷新权限
grant all on .* to user@'host' identified by 'oldboy123';	创建用户
grant all on .* to Old_Boy@'localhost' identified by 'oldboy123';	创建用户（用户名包含大写字母）
mysqladmin -u root password '123456';	为用户设置密码
mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 654321	修改密码，在知道旧密码的前提下
delete from mysql.user where user="root" and host="Mysql";	遇主机名大写，特殊字符使用drop无法删除

 3、PHP安装脚本

#!/bin/bash
yum install -y zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt
cd /server/tools/
tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make && make install
cd ..
cd /server/tools/
tar xf php-5.5..tar.gz
cd php-5.5.
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-5.5. \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql/ \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no
ln -s /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.  /usr/lib64/
touch ext/phar/phar.phar
make && make install
ln -s /application/php-5.5./ /application/php
cp /server/tools/php-5.5./php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
cd /application/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
/application/php/sbin/php-fpm
lsof -i:
echo "/application/php/sbin/php-fpm" >>/etc/rc.local

编译PHP详细步骤：

①安装PHP依赖

yum install -y zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel

② libiconv软件安装---字符集转换库

cd /server/tools/
tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make && make install

无需安装libiconv依赖包编译参数

./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-5.5. \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--with-gettext \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-opcache=no  \
--enable-ftp

③epel源依赖包

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt

④下载解压PHP软件：MySQL和web服务器分离编译参数

cd /server/tools/
tar xf php-5.5..tar.gz
cd php-5.5.
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-5.5. \
--with-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no

⑤防止PHP安装报错

ln -s /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.  /usr/lib64/
touch ext/phar/phar.phar

⑥配置安装

make && make install

⑦创建PHP软链接

ln -s /application/php-5.5./ /application/php

⑧ 配置PHP主配置文件

cp /server/tools/php-5.5./php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
cp /application/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /application/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

⑨lnmp架构部署时，如果mysql和web服务器不在一台主机上，PHP编译参数需要调整

--with-mysql=/application/mysql/  更改为 --with-mysql=mysqlnd

⑩启动PHP服务

/application/php/sbin/php-fpm
echo "/application/php/sbin/php-fpm" >>/etc/rc.local

三、测试Lnmp架构互通

1、测试Nginx到PHP

server {
        listen       ;
        server_name  www.etiantian.org;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
        location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
            root   html/bbs;
            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi.conf;
        }
    access_log logs/bbs_access.log main;
}
测试PHP首页文件
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >/application/nginx/html/blog/test_info.php
location ~* .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
            root html/blog;
            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi.conf;
}

2、测试PHP到MySQL

vim test_mysql.php
<?php
//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');
//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h 主机
$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','wordpress','oldboy123') or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by oldboy !\n";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
注：curl blog.etiantian.org/test_mysql.php       测试php与MySQL的连通性