一次asp.net core3.1打造webapi开发框架的实践

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实践技术看点

• 1、Swagger管理API说明文档
• 2、JwtBearer token验证
• 3、Swagger UI增加Authentication
• 4、EntityFrameworkCore+MySQL
• 5、在.net core 3.1下使用Log4net

前言

元旦过后就没什么工作上的任务了，这当然不能让领导看在眼里，动手实践一下新技术吧。于是准备搭一个webapi的中间件框架。

由于自己的云主机是台linux服务器，双核2G的centos+1M 没有数据盘，也用不起RDS，如果装个Windows Server那么肯定卡的不行，所以一直想尝试一下跨平台的感觉。

由于这篇随笔不是定位于教程，故基础知识一概略过。

项目中使用到的包清单：

 <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="IdentityModel" Version="4.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="log4net" Version="2.0.8" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="3.1.1">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="8.0.19" />
    <PackageReference Include="Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Swagger" Version="5.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen" Version="5.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerUI" Version="5.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>

关键代码点评

1)Startup

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore.Extensions;
using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Swagger;
using tokendemo.Models;

namespace tokendemo
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllers();
            services.Configure<TokenManagement>(Configuration.GetSection("tokenManagement"));
            var token = Configuration.GetSection("tokenManagement").Get<TokenManagement>();
            services.AddAuthentication(x =>
            {
                x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
            }).AddJwtBearer(x =>
            {
                x.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                x.SaveToken = true;
                x.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                {
                    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(token.Secret)),
                    ValidIssuer = token.Issuer,
                    ValidAudience = token.Audience,
                    ValidateIssuer = false,
                    ValidateAudience = false
                };
            });
            services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerDoc("v1",
                    new OpenApiInfo
                    {
                        Title = "XXX项目接口文档",
                        Version = "v1",
                        Contact = new OpenApiContact
                        {
                            Email = "xyf_xiao@cquni.com",
                            Name = "肖远峰",
                            Url = new Uri("http://datacool.cnblogs.com")
                        }
                    });
                // 为 Swagger 设置xml文档注释路径
                var xmlFile = $"{Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name}.xml";
                var xmlPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, xmlFile);
                c.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath);
                c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer",
                    new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                    {
                        Description = "请输入OAuth接口返回的Token，前置Bearer。示例：Bearer {Roken}",
                        Name = "Authorization",
                        In = ParameterLocation.Header,//jwt默认存放Authorization信息的位置(请求头中)
                        Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey
                    });
                c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
                {
                   {
                        new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                        {
                            Reference = new OpenApiReference()
                            {
                                Id = "Bearer",
                                Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme
                            }
                        }, Array.Empty<string>()
                    }
                });
            });
            var posdbConnString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("POS_Db");
            services.AddDbContext<posdbContext>(option =>
            {
                option.UseMySql(posdbConnString, null);
            });
            services.AddScoped<IAuthenticateService, TokenAuthenticationService>();
            services.AddScoped<IUserService, UserService>();

        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseAuthorization();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
            app.UseSwagger();
            //启用中间件服务生成SwaggerUI，指定Swagger JSON终结点
            app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "XXX接口文档 V1");
                c.RoutePrefix = string.Empty;//设置根节点访问
            });
            app.UseLog4net();
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace tokendemo
{
    public static class LoggeServiceExt
    {

        /// 使用log4net配置
        /// <param name="app"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IApplicationBuilder UseLog4net(this IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            var logRepository = log4net.LogManager.CreateRepository(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly(), typeof(log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Hierarchy));
            log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(logRepository, new FileInfo("log4net.config"));
            return app;
        }
    }
}

public interface IUserService
    {
        bool IsValid(LoginRequestDTO req);
    }

 public interface IAuthenticateService
    {
        bool IsAuthenticated(LoginRequestDTO request, out string token);
    }

public class UserService : IUserService
    {
        public bool IsValid(LoginRequestDTO req)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

 public class TokenAuthenticationService : IAuthenticateService
    {
        private readonly IUserService _userService;
        private readonly TokenManagement _tokenManagement;
        private readonly posdbContext db;
        public TokenAuthenticationService(IUserService userService, IOptions<TokenManagement> tokenManagement, posdbContext posdb)
        {
            _userService = userService;
            _tokenManagement = tokenManagement.Value;
            db = posdb;
        }

        public string GetAuthentUser()
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(db.SysApiAuthorize.ToList());
        }

        public bool IsAuthenticated(LoginRequestDTO request, out string token)
        {
            token = string.Empty;
            if (!_userService.IsValid(request))
                return false;
            var claims = new[]
            {
               new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,request.Username)
            };
            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_tokenManagement.Secret));
            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var jwtToken = new JwtSecurityToken(_tokenManagement.Issuer, _tokenManagement.Audience, claims, expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(_tokenManagement.AccessExpiration), signingCredentials: credentials);

            token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwtToken);
            return true;
        }
    }

token验证是我关注的重点，而Swagger支持查看文档的同时调用API，也支持授权认证，所以水到渠成。代码命名都是比较规范的，当然大部分来源于别人的文章，这里就不作过多说明了。

asp.net core对依赖注入思想是贯彻始终的，新人需要在这个思想的领悟上下苦功夫才能驾驭她。

2）配置文件

 {
   "Logging": {
     "LogLevel": {
       "Default": "Information",
       "Microsoft": "Warning",
       "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
     }
   },
   "AllowedHosts": "*",
   "tokenManagement": {
     "secret": "",
     "issuer": "datacool.cnblogs.com",
     "audience": "WebApi",
     "accessExpiration": ,
     "refreshExpiration":
   },
   "ConnectionStrings": {
     "POS_Db": "server=localhost;userid=root;pwd=dba#2020;port=3306;database=posdb;sslmode=none"
   }
 }

appsettings

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
 <log4net>
   <!--定义输出到文件中-->
   <appender name="LogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
     <!--定义文件存放位置-->
     <param name="AppendToFile" value="true"/>
     <!--最小锁定模型以允许多个进程可以写入同一个文件-->
     <param name="LockingModel" value="log4net.Appender.FileAppender.MinimalLock"/>
     <param name="StaticLogFileName" value="true"/>
     <!--保存路径-->
     <param name="File" value="Log/Logs_"/>
     <param name="DatePattern" value="yyyyMMdd&quot;.txt&quot;"/>
     <param name="StaticLogFileName" value="false"/>
     <param name="RollingStyle" value="Date"/>
     <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
       <!--每条日志末尾的文字说明-->
       <footer value=""/>
       <!--输出格式-->
       <!--样例：2008-03-26 13:42:32,111 [10] INFO  Log4NetDemo.MainClass [(null)] - info-->
       <conversionPattern value="%newline%date 级别：%-5level 日志描述：%message%newline"/>
     </layout>
   </appender>
   <root>
     <!--文件形式记录日志-->
     <appender-ref ref="LogFileAppender"/>
   </root>
 </log4net>

log4net.config

Scaffold-DbContext "server=localhost;userid=root;pwd=dba#2020;port=3306;database=posdb;sslmode=none;" Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql -OutputDir Models -Force

由于我的数据库是先存在了，所以直接使用了nutget控制台生成了数据库上下文对象和实体。注意向导生成的数据库上下文里是把数据库连接字符串写死的，需要修改。本例是写入appsettings.json里的。请重点看一下上面的配置和Startup里获取配置的代码。

3)关联代码，几个数据传输类

public class TokenManagement
    {
        [JsonProperty("secret")]
        public string Secret { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("issuer")]
        public string Issuer { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("audience")]
        public string Audience { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("accessExpiration")]
        public int AccessExpiration { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("refreshExpiration")]
        public int RefreshExpiration { get; set; }
    }

public class WeatherForecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureF =>  + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

        public string Summary { get; set; }
    }

 public class LoginRequestDTO
    {
        [Required]
        [JsonProperty("username")]
        public string Username { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [JsonProperty("password")]
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

3）API控制器

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using log4net;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

 namespace tokendemo.Controllers
 {
     [ApiController]
     [Route("[controller]")]
     [Authorize]
     public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
     {
         private readonly ILog _logger;
         public WeatherForecastController()
         {
             _logger = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(WeatherForecastController));
         }
         private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
         {
             "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
         };

         [HttpGet]
         public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
         {
             var rng = new Random();
             _logger.Info("OK");
             return Enumerable.Range(, ).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
             {
                 Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
                 TemperatureC = rng.Next(-, ),
                 Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
             })
             .ToArray();
         }

     }
 }

这个大家应该很熟悉了，这就是vs2019向导创建的API控制器。[Authorize]标记会导致401错误，就是表示先要去获取access token，在Header里带入Bearer+空格+token才可以正常调用。

授权控制器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace tokendemo.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class AuthenticationController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IAuthenticateService _authService;
        public AuthenticationController(IAuthenticateService service)
        {
            _authService = service;
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost, Route("requestToken")]
        public ActionResult RequestToken([FromBody] LoginRequestDTO request)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return BadRequest("Invalid Request");
            }
            string token;
            var authTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
            if (_authService.IsAuthenticated(request, out token))
            {
                return Ok(new
                {
                    access_token = token,
                    token_type = "Bearer",
                    profile = new
                    {
                        sid = request.Username,
                        auth_time = new DateTimeOffset(authTime).ToUnixTimeSeconds()
                    }
                });
            }
            return BadRequest("Invalid Request");
        }
    }
}

收获与感想

• 1、妥妥的吃了次螃蟹，收获了经验
• 2、正在“为自己挖一口井”的路上
• 3、.net core算是入门了
• 4、源码我是没自信放到github的，后面会加上下载链接
• 5、伙计们分享起来吧，这个生态建设任重而道远啊。

这里是源码下载的地址：https://files.cnblogs.com/files/datacool/tokendemo.zip