SciTech-Matrix Analysis of Management+Theory-管理科学的“矩阵式分析”

1. Constructing a Matrix by using "Mgmt. Approaches" as horizontal axis,
   
   and the vertical axis can be "Any Project" or Any Object?

2. We can use this Connections Matrix to do Combinational Analysis?

                     Early Management, Classical, Behavioral, Quantitative, Contemporary
   

Phenomeon

Concept

Principle

Interpretations

Definition

Theory

Axiom

SciTech Layers:

Objective: Phenomeon: a objective Process and its Outcomes

Subjective:

• ->Experience: Sensation+Cognition
• ->Concept(Natural+Common part of experiences)
• -> Principle(research+invest)
• -> Interpretations
• -> Definition
• -> Theory
• -> Axiom

Differences:

deed: 1. countable noun. 行为、行动。2. noun. 契约、证书。

act: 1. verb. 行动。2. verb/noun 行为/举止。 3. noun. 法案/令。 4. verb. 担任/充当。

Possibility VS Probability:

Possibility: 强调“过程”可能性，能或不能，

适用于process有非常大Uncertainty；

Probability: 过程有确定的“可能性”而且“可能结果集”是Certain的；

1. Process -> Outcome:

2. In fact, :process 是有这种事实(phenomenon)

3. Indeed, process过程的步骤什么的，行为上

4. Actually,: 通过 process 是能产生possible outcomes, 但不保障完全确定可靠产生，

5. Definitely, 通过 process 是能产生possible outcomes, 而且保障完全确定可靠产生

6. Precisely, 通过process 是能产生possible outcomes, 进一步保障完全确定可靠、精准产生

7. Exactly, 确定以及肯定的outcome: 已提及(指定)outcome, 通过process就确定以及肯定产生这个

8. Completely identical: 完全相同的outcomes, 两次process得到完全一致的两个outcomes.
   
   多次Experiments: Experiment A 与 Experiment B 的 possible outcomes
   
   单次Experiment, Event重复两次或多次，possible outcomes 完全等同。

9. First Group:
   
   mood(情态和语气), 广义地可以理解为说话人对"话语内容真实性"的"态度",包括:

   • vagueness(含/模糊性): may be, might be.

   • factness(事实性):
     
     In fact: 事实如此, fact事实 与 theory理论 配对时,
     
     fact 是 "论点" 的 "论据" 立足点.
     
     强调 "说话人" 的 "论点" 确有其 "论据" 事实.

     Indeed:
     
     actually: 行为如此, act结果/动向 与 theory理论 配对时,
     
     act 是"论点"的"行为与结果",
     
     强调 "说话人" 的 "论点" 确有其 "实际行为与结果", 但"论据"待定。

   • uncertainty(不确定性): Certainly, Certainly NOT/Negative

   • possibility(可能性):
     
     Possibily, Possibily NOT/Negative
     
     Virtually:可能性99%，可以认为就是。

   • definiteness(明确性):
     
     Definitely, Definitely NOT/Negative,

   • EXAMPLES:
     
     Is coffee grown in the US.
     
     Actually, coffee is not grown in the US.
     
     But isn't it popular there? Indeed, it is.
     
     In fact, all of it is imported.

10. Second Group, Key Takeaways:

    • "Could(P.T.F. of the verb 'can')" expresses past ability or present possibility.
      
      The verb "could" as the past tense form of "can"
    • "Should(P.T.F. of the verb 'shall')" implies advice, expectation, or probability.
      
      The verb "should" as the past tense form of 'shall'
    • "Would(P.T.F. of the verb 'will')" is used for hypotheticals and future possibilities that may not occur.
      
      The modal auxiliary verb "would" is the past tense form of "will".
    • Never forget that "would", "should" and "could",
      
      are past tense forms of the verbs: "will", "shall" and "can" respectively.

SciTech Nouns

• Concept: Experience of natural+common part, or based on outcomes of a process, BLACK-BOX approach
• Principle: process, varability, effects between variables. WHITE-BOX appraoch
• Interpretation: more clear than principles, transformed or mapped into other usual theory systems, since its hard to, or even not possible to make a definition for the phenomenon.
• Definition: rigorious research approach(abstracted model, variables and functions, Quanlitative and Quantitative).
• Theory: using System and Contingency research approach and formed a whole theory.
• Axiom: self-evident.

Major Approaches to Management

Early Management, Classical, Behavioral, Quantitative, Contemporary

Early Examples of Management

Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations

Industrial Revolution