pip 安装出现异常

MacBookPro:~ mac$ pip install numpy
Collecting numpy
  Downloading numpy-1.13.1-cp35-cp35m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.5MB)
    32% |██████████▎                     | 1.5MB 10kB/s eta 0:04:49Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 232, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 314, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 60, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 448, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 488, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/socket.py", line 575, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 929, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 791, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 575, in read
    v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 324, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file
    session=self.session, hashes=hashes)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 821, in unpack_url
    hashes=hashes
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url
    hashes)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 603, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/utils/hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 571, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/utils/ui.py", line 139, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 560, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 357, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 324, in read
    flush_decoder = True
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 237, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out.

解决方法

通过pip安装numpy的时候，可能会报上面的错误，大陆通过FQ手段，是可能解决该问题的。下面给个不用FQ的办法。
使用国内镜像下载python库的办法。

终端输入命令

pip  install --index https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ pandas  

MacBookPro:~ mac$ pip  install --index https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ pandas
Collecting pandas
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/1a/99/253f7096b12481941623205fc81e67aaf86c1e0d17026d286b53da799fd2/pandas-0.20.3-cp35-cp35m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (14.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 14.7MB 48kB/s
Collecting pytz>=2011k (from pandas)
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/55/62/e7cd0e15b76062d298413f14bb4ec3cd8568a22d274427f9c3c7286969f4/pytz-2017.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (484kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 1.1MB/s
Collecting python-dateutil>=2 (from pandas)
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/4b/0d/7ed381ab4fe80b8ebf34411d14f253e1cf3e56e2820ffa1d8844b23859a2/python_dateutil-2.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 194kB 988kB/s
Collecting numpy>=1.7.0 (from pandas)
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/d9/aa/850b4461a43bbd1d2ff75c97de4cbae7a06884c5c351c5c2a5cfb796a71b/numpy-1.13.1-cp35-cp35m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.5MB 169kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2->pandas)
Installing collected packages: pytz, python-dateutil, numpy, pandas
Successfully installed numpy-1.13.1 pandas-0.20.3 python-dateutil-2.6.1 pytz-2017.2
MacBookPro:~ mac$ pip install numpy
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages
MacBookPro:~ mac$ cd /Library/F
Filesystems/ Fonts/       Frameworks/
MacBookPro:~ mac$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site
site-packages/ site.py
MacBookPro:~ mac$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
README                           packaging-16.8.dist-info/        pytz/
__pycache__/                     pandas/                          pytz-2017.2.dist-info/
appdirs-1.4.3.dist-info/         pandas-0.20.3.dist-info/         setuptools/
appdirs.py                       pip/                             setuptools-35.0.2.dist-info/
dateutil/                        pip-9.0.1.dist-info/             six-1.10.0.dist-info/
easy_install.py                  pkg_resources/                   six.py
MacBookPro:~ mac$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
MacBookPro:site-packages mac$ ls
README              packaging-16.8.dist-info    pytz
__pycache__         pandas              pytz-2017.2.dist-info
appdirs-1.4.3.dist-info     pandas-0.20.3.dist-info     setuptools
appdirs.py          pip             setuptools-35.0.2.dist-info
dateutil            pip-9.0.1.dist-info     six-1.10.0.dist-info
easy_install.py         pkg_resources           six.py
numpy               pyparsing-2.2.0.dist-info   you_get
numpy-1.13.1.dist-info      pyparsing.py            you_get-0.4.652.dist-info
packaging           python_dateutil-2.6.1.dist-info

注：--index后面也可以换成别的镜像，比如http://mirrors.sohu.com/python/