Oracle NID工具修改数据库DBID、数据库名称、数据库实例名

DBID是数据库的唯一标识符，在一些特殊场合会涉及到DBID的相关内容，本篇文章的目的是演示将DB_NAME的值从ORCL修改为ORCL1。

一.查看当前的环境

[oracle@oracledb admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl
[oracle@oracledb admin]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 17 09:34:51 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: 

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     orcl
SQL>  show parameter service_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                 string     orcl
SQL> show parameter instance_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                 string     orcl
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;

      DBID NAME
---------- ---------
1424428733 ORCL

SQL> host lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-DEC-2015 09:36:52

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                17-DEC-2015 09:32:02
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 49 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /usr/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

二.启动数据库到MOUNT模式。

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size            2217832 bytes
Variable Size         1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers     1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers           16568320 bytes
Database mounted.

三.使用NID工具将DB_NAME从orcl修改为orcl1。

[oracle@oracledb admin]$ nid target=sys/wangshengzhuang dbname=orcl1

DBNEWID: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Dec 17 09:40:47 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to database ORCL (DBID=1424428733)

Connected to server version 11.2.0

Control Files in database:
    /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
    /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

Change database ID and database name ORCL to ORCL1? (Y/[N]) => Y

Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 1424428733 to 1283125855
Changing database name from ORCL to ORCL1
    Control File /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl - modified
    Control File /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl - modified
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/example01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/temp01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /usr/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /usr/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Instance shut down

Database name changed to ORCL1.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database ORCL1 changed to 1283125855.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database is not aware of previous backups and archived logs in Recovery Area.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.

[oracle@oracledb admin]$

四.新建密码文件。

[oracle@oracledb admin]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl1 password=wangshengzhuang  entries=5

五.修改参数文件中的DB_NAME参数值。

由于nid修改了控制文件和数据文件中的DB_NAME值，所以将参数文件中的DB_NAME修改来和控制文件、数据文件相同，修改为ORCL1。

[oracle@oracledb admin]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 17 09:48:14 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size            2217832 bytes
Variable Size         1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers     1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers           16568320 bytes
SQL> show parameter db_name 

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     orcl
SQL> alter system set db_name=orcl1 scope=spfile;      

System altered.

SQL>  shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size            2217832 bytes
Variable Size         1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers     1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers           16568320 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     ORCL1
SQL>

六.查看修改后的环境

修改后的数据库DB_NAME和Service_name都会自动发生变化，instance_name不会发生变化。

SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     ORCL1
SQL> show parameter service

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                 string     ORCL1
SQL>  show parameter instance_nam

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                 string     orcl
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;

      DBID NAME
---------- ---------
1283125855 ORCL1

SQL> host lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-DEC-2015 09:52:23

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                17-DEC-2015 09:32:02
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 20 min. 20 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /usr/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

SQL>

七、修改实例名

修改.bash_profile 中的ORACLE_SID

vi  .bash_profile

使修改生效

source  .bash_profile

修改参数文件路径

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ pwd
/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfileorcl1.ora
[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ mv initorcl.ora initorcl1.ora

重启数据库，查看实例名

[oracle@oracledb dbs]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 17 10:03:21 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: ***************
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size            2217832 bytes
Variable Size         1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers     1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers           16568320 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter instance_name;

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                 string     orcl1