hive之数据导入导出

hive数据导入导出

一、导入数据4种方式

建表语句

create table test(
name string,
friends array,
children map<string, int>,
address struct<street:string, city:string>
)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
collection items terminated by '_'
map keys terminated by ':'
lines terminated by '\n';

row format delimited fields terminated by ',' – 列分隔符
collection items terminated by '_' --MAP STRUCT 和 ARRAY 的分隔符(数据分割符号)
map keys terminated by ':'    – MAP中的key与value的分隔符
lines terminated by '\n'; – 行分隔符

1、本地文件导入到Hive表,需提前创建表

row format delimited fields terminated by '|'
lines terminated by '\n'
stored as textfile;
load data local inpath "/tmp/user/data/demo_local.parquet" into table db_tmp.demo_local;

2、HDFS文件导入到Hive表,需提前创建表

load data inpath "/tmp/user/data/demo_hdfs.parquet" into table db_tmp.demo_hdfs;

3、Hive表导入到Hive表

insert into table demo_hive select * from demo_hive_b;

4、创建表时从其他Hive表导入

create table demo_a as select * from demo_hive_b;

5、通过sqoop将mysql库导入到Hive表

-- 默认导入到default库
sqoop import --connect
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/casedb
--username root
--password password
--table demo --hive-import
--create-hive-table -m 1

-- 指定导入的数据库
sqoop import --connect
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/casedb
--username root
--password root --table demo
--hive-import --create-hive-table
--hive-table database.demo -m 1

二、导出数据

1、导出到本地

insert overwrite local directory
"/home/hadoop/data/"
row format dilimited
fields terminated by ","
select * from demo_hive_b;

2、导出到HDFS

insert overwrite directory
"/home/hadoop/data/"
row format dilimited
fields terminated by ","
select * from demo_hive_b;

3、Hive命令行导出

# Linux bash终端

# 重定向方式
hive -e "select * from demo_hive_b" >>
/home/hadoop/data/demo_output.txt

# sql文件方式
echo "select * from demo_hive_b" >
/home/hadoop/data/demo_output.sql
hive -f /home/hadoop/data/demo_output.sql >>
/home/hadoop/data/demo_output.txt

4、导出文件时，会遇本来表中本来字段值为null的字段导出时为\n

insert overwrite directory '/data/files/map_table_4'
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
'field.delim'=',',
'serialization.format'= '',
'serialization.null.format'=''
) STORED AS TEXTFILE
select foo, null, bar from map_table;

三、备注

1）设置 alter table name SET SERDEPROPERTIES('serialization.null.format' = '\N'); 

则：底层数据保存的是'\N',通过查询显示的是'NULL'
这时如果查询为空值的字段可通过 语句：a is null 或者 a='\\N'

2）设置 alter tablename SET SERDEPROPERTIES('serialization.null.format' = 'NULL');
则：底层数据保存的是'NULL',通过查询显示的是'NULL'
这时如果查询为空值的字段可通过 语句：a is null 或者 a='NULL'

3）设置 alter tablename SET SERDEPROPERTIES('serialization.null.format' = '');
则：底层数据保存的是'',通过查询显示的是'NULL'
'' 与 length（xx）=0
'' 表示的是字段不为null且为空字符串，此时用 a is null 是无法查询这种值的，必须通过 a='' 或者 length(a)=0 查询。