SQL SERVER回滚恢复误操作的数据

在生产数据库做CURD操作时，可能会有执行某条语句误操作的情况发生，针对这个种情况有两点建议：

1、 在SQL SERVER上开启事务确认功能，当执行完语句后确认无误，再提交事务。（开启方法见附件图片）。

2、 新建存储过程，粘贴附件脚本。此存储过程执行后能够自动产生两个操作日志表，自动记录CRUD的所有操作。适用于提交事务后才发现错误的情况。只需要打开表UPDATE_LOG，粘贴RollbackupSQL里的语句执行即可恢复数据。

注意：1)如果表中有自增长的ID，所恢复数据的ID值是最大ID+1。

2)由于正常操作也会回写操作日志，注意及时清理日志表，或者在执行完后删掉新建的存储过程、触发器及表。

 

回滚脚本，执行后数据要记录的表名

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_UPDATE_LOG]

    @TABLENAME VARCHAR(50)

AS

BEGIN

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = @TABLENAME AND TYPE = 'U' )

    BEGIN

        PRINT'ERROR：not exist table '+@TABLENAME

        RETURN

    END

    IF (@TABLENAME LIKE'BACKUP_%' OR @TABLENAME='UPDATE_LOG' )

    BEGIN

        --PRINT'ERROR：not exist table '+@TABLENAME

        RETURN

    END

    --================================判断是否存在 UPDATE_LOG 表============================

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = 'UPDATE_LOG' AND TYPE = 'U')

        CREATE TABLE UPDATE_LOG

        (

            UpdateGUID VARCHAR(36),

            UpdateTime DATETIME,

            TableName varchar(20),

            UpdateType varchar(6),

            RollBackSQL varchar(MAX),

            ExecSQL VARCHAR(500)

        )

    --=================================判断是否存在 BACKUP_ 表================================

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = 'BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME AND TYPE = 'U')

    BEGIN

        DECLARE test_Cursor CURSOR FOR

        SELECT COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns

        WHERE TABLE_NAME=@TABLENAME

        OPEN test_Cursor

        DECLARE @SQLTB NVARCHAR(MAX)=''

        DECLARE @COLUMN_NAME NVARCHAR(50),@DATA_TYPE VARCHAR(20),@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH INT

        FETCH NEXT FROM test_Cursor INTO @COLUMN_NAME,@DATA_TYPE,@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH

        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0

        BEGIN

            SET @SQLTB=@SQLTB+'['+@COLUMN_NAME+'] '+@DATA_TYPE+CASE ISNULL(@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,0) WHEN 0 THEN '' WHEN -1 THEN '(MAX)' ELSE'('+CAST(@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10))+')' END+','

            FETCH NEXT FROM test_Cursor INTO @COLUMN_NAME,@DATA_TYPE,@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH

        END

        SET @SQLTB='CREATE TABLE BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' (UpdateGUID varchar(36),UpdateType Varchar(10),'+SUBSTRING(@SQLTB,1,LEN(@SQLTB)-1)+')'

        EXEC (@SQLTB)

        CLOSE test_Cursor

        DEALLOCATE test_Cursor

    END

    --======================================判断是否存在 UPDATE 触发器=========================

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE NAME = 'tg_'+@TABLENAME+'_Update' AND TYPE = 'TR')

    BEGIN

        DECLARE @SQLTR NVARCHAR(MAX)

        SET @SQLTR='

CREATE TRIGGER tg_'+@TABLENAME+'_Update

    ON  '+@TABLENAME+'

    AFTER Update,Delete,Insert

AS

BEGIN 

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    --==============================获取GUID==========================================

    DECLARE @NEWID VARCHAR(36)=NEWID()

    --===========================将删掉或新增的数据插入备份表=========================

    DECLARE @ROWCOUNT INT

    INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']

    SELECT @NEWID,''DELETE'',* FROM deleted

    SET @ROWCOUNT=@@ROWCOUNT

    IF @ROWCOUNT>0

    BEGIN

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']

        SELECT @NEWID,''INSERT'',* FROM inserted

    END

    ELSE

    BEGIN

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']

        SELECT @NEWID,''INSERT'',* FROM inserted

        SET @ROWCOUNT=@@ROWCOUNT

    END

    --==============================记录日志和回滚操作的SQL===========================

    --******************生成插入语句用到的列名（需避开自增字段）********************

    DECLARE @COLUMN1 NVARCHAR(MAX)=''''

    SELECT @COLUMN1+='',[''+COLUMN_NAME+'']'' FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns

    WHERE TABLE_NAME='''+@TABLENAME+'''

    AND COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('''+@TABLENAME+'''),COLUMN_NAME,''IsIdentity'')<>1 --非自增字段

    SET @COLUMN1=SUBSTRING(@COLUMN1,2,LEN(@COLUMN1))

    --*******************动态定义变量、删除条件匹配的列********************

    DECLARE @DECLARE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@INTODECLARE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@WHERE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@COLUMN2 VARCHAR(MAX)=''''

    SELECT @DECLARE+=''@''+COLUMN_NAME+'' ''+DATA_TYPE+CASE ISNULL(CAST(CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10)),'''') WHEN '''' THEN '','' WHEN ''-1'' THEN ''(MAX),'' ELSE ''(''+CAST(CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10))+''),'' END,

        @INTODECLARE+=''@''+COLUMN_NAME+'','',

        @COLUMN2+=''[''+COLUMN_NAME+''],'' ,

        @WHERE += ''ISNULL(''+ COLUMN_NAME+'','''''''')=ISNULL(@''+COLUMN_NAME+'','''''''') AND ''

    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns

    WHERE TABLE_NAME='''+@TABLENAME+'''

    SET @DECLARE=LEFT(@DECLARE,LEN(@DECLARE)-1)

    SET @INTODECLARE=LEFT(@INTODECLARE,LEN(@INTODECLARE)-1)

    SET @COLUMN2=LEFT(@COLUMN2,LEN(@COLUMN2)-1)

    SET @WHERE= LEFT(@WHERE,LEN(@WHERE)-3)

    --*******************判断是否还原当前表的最近一次操作*******************         

    DECLARE @SQL_ISLAST VARCHAR(MAX)=''

    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @maxdate datetime

    SELECT @maxdate=max(updatetime) FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+'''''

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime=@maxdate AND UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+'''''')

    BEGIN

        DECLARE @MAXGUID VARCHAR(50)

        SELECT @MAXGUID=UPDATEGUID FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime=@maxdate

        PRINT ''''此操作并非最近一次操作，请逐步还原,此表最近一次操作的GUID是：''''+@MAXGUID

        RETURN

    END

    ''

    --********************还原insert和update操作用到的SQL*******************

    DECLARE @SQL_DELETE VARCHAR(MAX)=''

    SET ROWCOUNT 1  --设定相同条件下只删除1行        

    DECLARE Cursor_ CURSOR FOR

    SELECT ''+@COLUMN2+'' FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE UPDATEGUID= ''''''+@NEWID+'''''' AND UpdateType=''''INSERT''''

    OPEN Cursor_

    DECLARE ''+@DECLARE+''

    FETCH NEXT FROM Cursor_ INTO ''+@INTODECLARE+''

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0

    BEGIN                  

        DELETE FROM '+@TABLENAME+' WHERE ''+@WHERE+''

        FETCH NEXT FROM Cursor_ INTO ''+@INTODECLARE+''

    END

    CLOSE Cursor_

    DEALLOCATE Cursor_

    SET ROWCOUNT 0

    ''

    --*********************还原delete和update操作用到的SQL*******************

    DECLARE @SQL_INSERT VARCHAR(MAX)=''

    INSERT INTO '+@TABLENAME+' SELECT ''+@COLUMN1+'' FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+'''''' AND UpdateType=''''DELETE''''

    ''

    --*********************还原操作之后把备份表和log表的记录删掉*************

    DECLARE @SQL_DELGUID VARCHAR(MAX)=''

    DELETE FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE  UPDATEGUID IN(SELECT UPDATEGUID FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime>=@maxdate AND TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+''''')

    DELETE FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime>=@maxdate AND TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+'''''

    PRINT ''''回滚操作执行成功，共恢复 ''+CAST(@ROWCOUNT AS VARCHAR(10))+'' 条记录''''

    SET NOCOUNT OFF

    ''

    --*********************执行还原操作的SQL**********************************

    DECLARE @EXECSQL VARCHAR(500)=''

    DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX)

    SELECT @SQL=ROLLBACKSQL FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+''''''  

    EXEC(@SQL) 

    ''

    --==============================判断执行的哪种操作方式=================================

    DECLARE @DoType VARCHAR(MAX)=''UPDATE''

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted)

        SET @DoType=''INSERT''

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted)

        SET @DoType=''DELETE''

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND  NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted)

        RETURN

    IF @DoType=''UPDATE''

    BEGIN

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]

        SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''UPDATE'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_DELETE+@SQL_INSERT+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL

        RETURN

    END

    IF @DoType=''DELETE''

    BEGIN

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]

        SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''DELETE'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_INSERT+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL

        RETURN

    END

    IF @DoType=''INSERT''

    BEGIN

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]

        SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''INSERT'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_DELETE+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL

        RETURN

    END

END

            '

        EXEC (@SQLTR)

    END

END