python3-邮件发送-不同格式

0x00 邮件格式

要发邮件，总要先了解邮件格式吧，这里指的是邮件的各个部分与python中SMTP所对应的一些必须的格式

0x01 简单发送邮件格式如下：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

mail_host = 'smtp.139.com'
mail_user = 'xxx@139.com'
mail_pass = 'xx'

#  邮件定义区域
msg = MIMEText('我是邮件内容','plain','utf-8') # 邮箱正文内容
msg['Subject'] = '我是标题'
# msg['From'] = mail_user  # 发件人
msg['From'] = '发件人自定义'+'<'+mail_user+'>'
msg['To'] = 'xxx@139.com,xxx@163.com'  # 收件人
msg['Cc'] = 'xxx@163.com'   # 抄送对象

server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(mail_host)
server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To']+msg['Cc'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()

发送效果如下：

0x02 邮件中发送附件 

　　0x21 发送简单文本内容附件

import smtplib
import pandas as pd
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

mail_host = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_user = 'xxx@163.com'
mail_pass = 'xx'
receivers = ['xxx@139.com']

def mailsend():
    #  创建一个带有附件的实例
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    subject = '标题：邮件附件发送测试'
    msg['From'] = "xxx"
    msg['To'] = ",".join(receivers)
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['Cc'] = "抄送对象"
    msg.attach(MIMEText('正文：python邮件附件发送测试', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

    # 附件1 普通文本
    att1 = MIMEText(open(r'xxx.txt', 'rb').read(), _subtype='base64',_charset='utf-8')
    att1['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
    att1['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="test.txt"'
    msg.attach(att1)

    server = smtplib.SMTP()
    server.connect(mail_host)
    server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    server.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
    server.quit()

　　0x22 发送excel附件

　　

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'   # input("请输入邮箱服务器地址：")
    mail_user = 'xxx@163.com'   # input("请输入你的邮箱：")
    mail_pass = 'xxx'   # input("请输入你的邮箱密码或是授权码")
    receivers = ['xxx@139.com']

    msg = MIMEMultipart()   #创建一个邮件实例
    msg['From'] = Header('管理员<%s>'% mail_user).encode()
    msg['To'] = ','.join(receivers)
    msg['Subject'] = Header('邮件附件发送测试','utf-8').encode()   #邮件标题
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body,'plain','utf-8'))   #邮件正文

    # with open(attachment,'rb')as f:
    #     mime = MIMEBase('text','txt',filename=attachment)
    #     mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=attachment)
    #     mime.set_payload(f.read())
    #     encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    #     msg.attach(mime)

    '''
    text_part = MIMEBase('text', 'plain')
    part = MIMEBase('application', "bitcoin-paymentrequest")
    part = MIMEBase("application","zip")
    可以看出，不同的文件类型，其发送时的一些格式都不一样，模板不能全部套用
    '''
    part = MIMEBase("application","octet-stream")
    part.set_payload(open(r"xxx.xls","rb").read())
    encoders.encode_base64(part)
    part.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=attachment)
    msg.attach(part)
    try:
        s = smtplib.SMTP()
        s.connect(mail_server)
        s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        s.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
        s.quit()
    except Exception as e:
        print('错误类型:',e.__class__.__name__)
        print('错误明细:',e)

　　0x23 邮件发送html附件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr

import requests

def getHtml(url):
    html = requests.get(url).text
    return html

def mailSend(body):
    mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
    mail_user = 'xx@163.com'
    mail_pass = 'xx'
    receivers = ['xx@139.com']

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = "好好学习<%s>" % mail_user
    msg['To'] = ','.join(receivers)
    msg['Subject'] = "这是一个发送html附件的邮件~"
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body,'html','utf-8'))
    # try:
    link = smtplib.SMTP()
    link.connect(mail_server)
    link.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    link.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())
    link.quit()
    # except Exception as e:
    #     print("Error:%s" % e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/foe0/p/11926083.html"
    body = getHtml(url)
    mailSend(body)

　　我这里测试发的内容是自定义的一段;直接读取url发送的，渲染出现了问题，这里不做关注，不是本节要点。

    body = '''
     <h1>测试邮件</h1>
    <h2 style="color:red">This is a test</h1>
    '''

　　0x24 邮件发送图片

　　　　发送图片时，不定义body文字正文也可以发送出去，但是在邮件中是看不到图片的，这里的body内容就是一个图像展示方式的定义。

　　

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
# 格式化邮件地址

def sendMail(body, image):
    smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'
    from_mail = 'x@163.com'
    mail_pass = 'x'
    to_mail = ['xx@139.com',]

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    # Header对中文进行转码
    msg['From'] = '管理员 <%s>' % from_mail
    msg['To'] = ','.join(to_mail)
    msg['Subject'] = Header('图片', 'utf-8')
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html', 'utf-8'))

    with open(image,"rb")as f:
        pic = MIMEImage(f.read())
    pic.add_header('Content-ID','<image1>')
    msg.attach(pic)

    try:
        s = smtplib.SMTP()
        s.connect(smtp_server, "25")
        s.login(from_mail, mail_pass)
        s.sendmail(from_mail, to_mail, msg.as_string())  # as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str
        s.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print("Error: %s" % e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    body = '''
    <html><body>
    <center>下边是一张图片</center>
    <img src="cid:image1" alt="image1" align="center" width=100% >
    <center>上边是一张图片</center>
    </body></html>
    '''
    sendMail(body, '2.jpg')

　　

0x03 小结

　　第一节中邮箱格式的填写也不是一成不变，可以根据需要设定一些内容，但要注意一些格式，本人才疏学浅，不能全部列举出来，如果有报错，别的地方都排查过了，可以考虑这些格式，修改为你认为最为稳妥，不会出错的那一种。

　　第二节能写的不止这些，不同的文件附件读取方式都不太一样，没必要全部列举完，举一反三。

　　到这里就告一段落，不得不说，邮件发送还是有点坑的地方，主要是第三方调用时，不明白他的具体判定机制，有时候报错554 垃圾邮件，超过上限（绝对没超）的错误时，要灵活修改，比如说：

　　　　把自己加入到收件人或抄送对象中

　　　　正文或标题不要出现测试字样，test等等；

　　　　还有就是163和QQ邮箱的第三方是另外的授权密码，而非原邮箱密码；

　　　　再不能解决的问题只能尝试换个邮箱了，对139我是真没辙了。

　　以上，若有什么问题欢迎指正。

参考链接：

https://programtalk.com/python-examples/email.MIMEBase.MIMEBase/

https://www.w3school.com.cn/media/media_mimeref.asp

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42029733/article/details/86559612

https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongbk/article/details/60142996