[LeetCode] 139. Word Break 单词拆分

Given a non-empty string s and a dictionary wordDict containing a list of non-empty words, determine if s can be segmented into a space-separated sequence of one or more dictionary words.

Note:

• The same word in the dictionary may be reused multiple times in the segmentation.
• You may assume the dictionary does not contain duplicate words.

Example 1:

Input: s = "leetcode", wordDict = ["leet", "code"]
Output: true
Explanation: Return true because "leetcode" can be segmented as "leet code".

Example 2:

Input: s = "applepenapple", wordDict = ["apple", "pen"]
Output: true
Explanation: Return true because "applepenapple" can be segmented as "apple pen apple".
             Note that you are allowed to reuse a dictionary word.

Example 3:

Input: s = "catsandog", wordDict = ["cats", "dog", "sand", "and", "cat"]
Output: false

给一个字符串，看是否可以由字典中的单词拆分成以空格隔开的单词序列。

用动态规划DP来解，某一个字符前面的字符串的拆分方法可能有多种，后面的拆分要看前面的拆分组合。

State: dp[i],  表示到字符i时，前面1~i的字符串能否拆分

Function: dp[i] = (dp[i - j] + str[j:i] in dict) for j in range(i), 到字符i能否拆分取决于每一个以i结尾的str[j-i]字符 是否在字典里并且j字符之前的字符串可以拆分

Initialize: dp[0] = true

Return: dp[n], 到最后一个字符n是否能拆分

在截取j 到 i 字符串，判断是否在字典中时，可以先判断字典中的字符串最大长度，超出长度就不用再循环了。

此方法可以告诉我们是否能拆分字典中的单词，但不能给出具体拆分内容。如果要知道具体拆分内容要用DFS，见140题。

Java:

public class Solution {
    public boolean wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) {
        boolean[] f = new boolean[s.length() + 1];
        f[0] = true;

        for(int i=1; i <= s.length(); i++){
            for(int j=0; j < i; j++){
                if(f[j] && dict.contains(s.substring(j, i))){
                    f[i] = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return f[s.length()];
    }
}

Java:

public class Solution {
    public boolean wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) {
        boolean[] f = new boolean[s.length() + 1];
        f[0] = true;

        for(int i = 1; i <= s.length(); i++){
            for(String str: dict){
                if(str.length() <= i){
                    if(f[i - str.length()]){
                        if(s.substring(i-str.length(), i).equals(str)){
                            f[i] = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return f[s.length()];
    }
}　　

Java:

public boolean wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) {
    if(s==null || s.length()==0)
        return true;
    boolean[] res = new boolean[s.length()+1];
    res[0] = true;
    for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
    {
        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(s.substring(0,i+1));
        for(int j=0;j<=i;j++)
        {
            if(res[j] && dict.contains(str.toString()))
            {
                res[i+1] = true;
                break;
            }
            str.deleteCharAt(0);
        }
    }
    return res[s.length()];
}

Python:

class Solution(object):
    def wordBreak(self, s, wordDict):
        n = len(s)

        max_len = 0
        for string in wordDict:
            max_len = max(max_len, len(string))

        can_break = [False for _ in xrange(n + 1)]
        can_break[0] = True
        for i in xrange(1, n + 1):
            for j in xrange(1, min(i, max_len) + 1):
                if can_break[i-j] and s[i-j:i] in wordDict:
                    can_break[i] = True
                    break

        return can_break[-1]

Python: wo

class Solution(object):
    def wordBreak(self, s, wordDict):
        """
        :type s: str
        :type wordDict: List[str]
        :rtype: bool
        """
        n = len(s)
        dp = [False] * (n + 1)
        dp[0] = True
        for i in xrange(1, n + 1):
            for j in xrange(0, i):
                if dp[j] and s[j:i] in wordDict:
                    dp[i] = True
                    break

        return dp[-1] 　　

C++:

class Solution {
public:
    bool wordBreak(string s, unordered_set<string>& wordDict) {
        const int n = s.length();

        size_t max_len = 0;
        for (const auto& str: wordDict) {
            max_len = max(max_len, str.length());
        }

        vector<bool> canBreak(n + 1, false);
        canBreak[0] = true;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            for (int l = 1; l <= max_len && i - l >= 0; ++l) {
                if (canBreak[i - l] && wordDict.count(s.substr(i - l, l))) {
                    canBreak[i] = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return canBreak[n];
    }
};

Followup: 返回其中的一个解，如果要返回全部解需要用140. Word Break II的方法，一个解要简单很多。F jia

Java:

class Solution {
  public String wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) {
      if (s == null || s.isEmpty() || dict == null) {
          return "";
      }

      boolean[] dp = new boolean[s.length() + 1];
      String[] words = new String[s.length() + 1];
      dp[0] = true;
      words[0] = "";

      for (int i = 1; i <= s.length(); i++) {
          for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
              if (dp[j] && dict.contains(s.substring(j, i))) {
                  dp[i] = true;
                  if (words[j].isEmpty()) {
                      words[i] = s.substring(j, i);
                  } else {
                      words[i] = words[j] + " " + s.substring(j, i);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      if (dp[s.length()]) {
          return words[s.length()];
      } else {
          return "";
      }
  }   

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = new String("catsanddog");
    String[] d = {"cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"};
    Set<String> dict = new HashSet<String>();
    dict.addAll(Arrays.asList(d));
    System.out.println(s);
    System.out.println(dict);
    Solution sol = new Solution();
    System.out.println(sol.wordBreak(s, dict));
  }
}

　　

类似题目：

[LeetCode] 140. Word Break II 单词拆分II

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