Linux系统搭建单机MySQL8.0.26版本

概述

本文主要是写Ubuntu22.04搭建MySQL8.0.26版本

环境信息

IP	系统	规格
10.0.0.10	Ubuntu22.04	2c4g

数据库服务安装步骤

下载前置依赖

# 下载libtinfo5、libnuma1依赖
[root@lb ~]# apt update -y && apt install -y libtinfo5 libnuma1

服务下载

方式一：进入官网下载，并上传到宿主机中，适合离线环境

官网下载地址： https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

方式二：直接在宿主机中使用wget进行下载，适合宿主机联网环境

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

服务解压并创建软链接

# 服务解压至家目录
[root@lb ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

# 创建软链接
[root@lb ~]# ln -s mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

# 查看
[root@lb ~]# ll | grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        35 May  1 15:43 mysql -> mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root      4096 May  1 15:43 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 914806904 Jul  2  2021 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

配置环境变量

# /root/mysql/bin根据你安装的实际地址来进行替换
[root@lb ~]# echo 'export PATH=/root/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@lb ~]# source /etc/profile

检查环境变量是否配置正确

[root@lb ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.26 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

创建MySQL的虚拟用户

[root@lb ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

创建数据存储目录，并修改目录的拥有者

[root@lb ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@lb ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/data

初始化数据库

# 初始化数据库，没有报错即代表成功
[root@lb ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql  --datadir=/data/mysql/data  --basedir=/root/mysql
2025-05-01T07:59:04.638615Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /root/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 132486
2025-05-01T07:59:04.656989Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2025-05-01T07:59:05.254538Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2025-05-01T07:59:05.950015Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2025-05-01T07:59:05.950635Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2025-05-01T07:59:06.009584Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

参数解释：

• --initialize-insecure：不安全的初始化，表示数据库启动后没有密码信息，
• --initialize：安全初始化，表示数据库启动后，会有默认的密码信息
• --user：指定用户
• --datadir：指定数据存储目录
• --basedir：指定MySQL安装的目录

数据库初始化成功之后数据目录会有以下文件

[root@lb ~]# ll /data/mysql/data/
total 177608
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   196608 May  1 15:59 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  8585216 May  1 15:59 '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 May  1 15:59 '#innodb_temp'/
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql     4096 May  1 15:59  ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root  root      4096 May  1 15:56  ../
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       56 May  1 15:59  auto.cnf
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql     1676 May  1 15:59  ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql     1112 May  1 15:59  ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql     1112 May  1 15:59  client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql     1680 May  1 15:59  client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql     5995 May  1 15:59  ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May  1 15:59  ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May  1 15:59  ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May  1 15:59  ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 May  1 15:59  mysql/
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 26214400 May  1 15:59  mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 May  1 15:59  performance_schema/
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql     1676 May  1 15:59  private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql      452 May  1 15:59  public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql     1112 May  1 15:59  server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql     1680 May  1 15:59  server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 May  1 15:59  sys/
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 May  1 15:59  undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 May  1 15:59  undo_002

编写MySQL配置文件

[root@lb ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 数据库文件的存储路径
datadir=/data/mysql/data
# 服务器监听的端口号
port=3306
# 字符集设置
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 排序规则
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
# 允许的最大连接数
max_connections=1000
# MySQL服务器的缓存大小，用于缓存数据和索引
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
# 日志文件的路径
log_error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
# 慢查询日志文件的路径
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow-query.log
# 开启慢查询日志，1表示开启，0表示关闭
slow_query_log=1
# 设定慢查询的时间阈值，单位为秒，超过此时间的查询将被记录到慢查询日志中
long_query_time=3
# 设置用户
user=mysql
# 设置socket连信息
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[client]
# 客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysql]
# MySQL命令行工具的默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4

创建日志目录

[root@lb ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/mysql/
[root@lb ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql/

修改MySQL安装目录中的启动文件

拷贝启动文件至/etc/init.d目录下

[root@lb ~]# cp /root/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lb ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改启动文件的内容

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动MySQL服务

# 没报错即代表启动成功
[root@lb ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): mysqld.service.

# 检查端口号
[root@lb ~]# ss -lntup | grep 3306
tcp   LISTEN 0      70                 *:33060            *:*    users:(("mysqld",pid=144896,fd=21))
tcp   LISTEN 0      1000               *:3306             *:*    users:(("mysqld",pid=144896,fd=24))

修改root用户密码

[root@lb ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "huangsir"
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

登录MySQL服务

[root@lb ~]# mysql -uroot -phuangsir
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.26 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

远程连接MySQL

MySQL默认的root用户是无法远程登录的，所以我们需要创建一个用户用于远程登录

# 创建用户，10.0.0.0/24代表网段，只有在这个网段之内的IP才能连接数据库，密码设置为huangsir
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'10.0.0.0/24' IDENTIFIED BY 'huangsir';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 授权，*.*代表所有的库和表
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'10.0.0.0/24' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用navicat连接数据库测试