链栈(C++)

链栈，字面意思，就是用链表来实现一个栈的数据结构。

那么，只需将单链表的头节点当作栈顶，尾节点当作栈底。入栈只需要头插，出栈只需头删即可。所以只需要吧单链表稍微阉割一下就可以得到链式栈了。代码如下

//header.h
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
struct LinkNode						//节点类定义
{
	T data;						//数据域
	LinkNode<T> *next;				//链指针域
	LinkNode(LinkNode<T> *ptr = NULL){this->next = ptr;}	//初始化指针域的构造函数
	LinkNode(const T& item, LinkNode<T> *ptr = NULL)//初始化数据成员和指针成员和指针的构造函数
	{
		this->data = item;
		this->next = ptr;
	}
};

template<class T>
class ListStack		//用头结点的数据域表示链表元素数量
{
protected:
	LinkNode<T> *first;
public:
	ListStack(){first = new LinkNode<T>;first->data = 0;}//无参数构造
	ListStack(const T& x)
	{
		this->first = new LinkNode<T>;
		this->input(x);
	}//含有参数的构造函数
	ListStack(ListStack<T>& L);//拷贝构造
	~ListStack(){makeEmpty();}//析构函数
	void makeEmpty();//将链表置空的函数
	int Length()const{return this->first->data;}//计算链表长度的函数
	LinkNode<T>* getHead()const{return this->first;}//返回附加头结点地址
	LinkNode<T>* getRear()const;//返回尾部指针
	void input(T head);//头插
	void output();//将链表打印出来
	bool IsEmpty()const{return !this->first->data;}
	bool Remove(int i, T& x);//删除第i个元素，将第i个元素的data赋值给x
	ListStack<T>& operator=(ListStack<T>& L);//符号重载，赋值
	bool del(T& x);

};
template<class T>
bool ListStack<T>::del(T& x)
{
	return this->Remove(1, x);
}
template<class T>
ListStack<T>& ListStack<T>::operator=(ListStack<T>& L)
{
	if(!L.IsEmpty())
	{
		LinkNode<T> *srcptr = L.first, *desptr = this->first;
		while(srcptr->next != NULL)
		{
			desptr->data = srcptr->data;
			desptr->next = new LinkNode<T>;
			srcptr = srcptr->next;
			desptr = desptr->next;
		}
		desptr->data = srcptr->data;
	}
}
template<class T>
bool ListStack<T>::Remove(int i, T& x)
{
	if(i>0 && i<=this->first->data)
	{
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first, *p;
		if(i!=1)
		{
			int j = 0;
			while(j!=i-1)
			{
				tmp = tmp->next;
				++j;
			}
			p = tmp->next;
			tmp->next = p->next;
			x = p->data;
			delete p;
		}
		else
		{
			p = tmp->next;
			x = p->data;
			tmp->next = p->next;
			delete p;
		}
		--this->first->data;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

template<class T>
void ListStack<T>::input(T head)
{
	LinkNode<T> *tmp = new LinkNode<T>;
	if(tmp == NULL)
	{
		cerr<<"内存分配错误！\n"<<endl;
		exit(-1);
	}

	if(this->first->next != NULL)
	{
		tmp->next = this->first->next;
		this->first->next = tmp;
	}
	else
	{
		this->first->next = tmp;
		tmp->next = NULL;
	}
	tmp->data = head;
	++this->first->data;

}
template<class T>
void ListStack<T>::output()
{
	LinkNode<T> *p = this->first->next;
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		cout<<p->data<<" | ";
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout<<"over"<<endl;
}
template<class T>
ListStack<T>::ListStack(ListStack<T>& L)
{
	T value;
	LinkNode<T> *srcptr = L.getHead();
	LinkNode<T> *desptr = this->first = new LinkNode<T>;
	this->first->data = srcptr->data;
	while(srcptr->next != NULL)
	{
		value = srcptr->next->data;
		desptr->next = new LinkNode<T>(value);
		desptr = desptr->next;
		srcptr = srcptr->next;
	}
	desptr->next = NULL;
}
template<class T>
void ListStack<T>::makeEmpty()
{
	LinkNode<T> *p, *q = this->first->next;
	this->first->data = 0;
	while(q != NULL)
	{
		p = q;
		q = q->next;
		delete p;
	}
}
template<class T>
LinkNode<T>* ListStack<T>::getRear()const
{
	LinkNode<T> *p = this->first;
	while(p->next!=NULL)
		p = p->next;
	return p;

}

#include"header.h"

int main()
{
	int x = 0;
	ListStack<int> LS;
	for(int i=0; i<=7; ++i)
		LS.input(i);
	LS.output();
	for(int i=0; i<=2; ++i)
	{
		LS.del(x);
		cout<<x<<" ";
	}
	cout<<endl;
	LS.output();

	return 0;
}

运行结果

还行，这里补充一个vim将字符批量替换的命令

在vim末行模式下

a,b s#words1#words2#g

从第a行到第b行，将所有words1替换为words2

试了一下

命令是将第六行到第七行的所有i替换成io，替换后

替换后下边有提示在多少行替换了多少个（Emma,替换前的图i没有圈完，眼花眼花）