Django框架和前端的的基本结合

1 昨日回顾
   a socket
   b 路由关系
   c 模板字符串替换（模板语言）

主流web框架总结：
   django   a用别人的  b自己写的   c自己写的
   flask    a用别人的  b自己写的   c用别人的（jinja2）
   tornado  a自己写的  b自己写的   c自己写的

另一个维度：
   djaogo
   其他

创建Django
   1 模块安装（三种方法）
      1 ---
      2 --
      3--
   2 django-admin startproject  mysite

   3 manage.py 管理我的django项目
   4 （1）启动django--python3
      -manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002
      -manage.py runserver 8002
      -manage.py runserver
     （2）pycharm启动：1  跟上面一样
                  2 点绿色的箭头
      不是点右键运行
   5 停止 ctrl+c

   6 目录介绍
      settings--django全局配置文件
      urls---路由关系

app:
   命令：python3 manage.py startapp app01
   目录：
      migrations：数据库迁移的文件
      admin：后台管理相关
      apps：app配置相关
      models：模型，数据库相关，写一些类
      tests：测试相关
      views：视图函数

settings：
   DEBUG
   INSTALLED_APPS---》放app的名字
   MIDDLEWARE--》中间件
   TEMPLATES---》指定模板文件放的路径
   DATABASES---》指定连接的数据库

静态文件配置：（名字一定不能错）
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]

三件套：
# render 模板渲染
# HttpResponse 返回字符串
# redirect 重定向

orm：对象关系映射
python代码------》sql
前端：
$("#app")------>document.getEmlementById（‘app’）

优点：
   1 sql掌握一般，也可开发程序
   2 开发效率高
   3 易用，学习曲线短

缺点：
   1 sql大神，执行效率高，可能orm 执行效率低
   2 有的sql写不出来

作业：
   1 上课讲的代码敲完
   2 写个注册，登录
   3 看一下orm（有余力）

项目的基本配置 settings文件

 """
 Django settings for mySecond project.

 Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.

 For more information on this file, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

 For the full list of settings and their values, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
 """

 import os

 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
 # 根路径 mySecond
 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
 SECRET_KEY = 'uzz2#7dq+qruh2e6&cklrwj49(oe0&@hwaqqtkmb0z2xmhe03*'

 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True

 ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

 # Application definition

 # 放app的名字
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
     'django.contrib.admin',
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.messages',
     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
     # 新建的功能项目需要添加到INSTALLED_APPS
     # app01下面的apps里面的App01Config
     'app01.apps.App01Config',
 ]

 MIDDLEWARE = [
     'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
     'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
     'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
     # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',  中间件 跨站攻击防护的先注释掉，以后再加上
     'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
     'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
     'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 ]

 ROOT_URLCONF = 'mySecond.urls'

 TEMPLATES = [
     {
         'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
         # 把模板路径放到里面
         'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')] # 如果创建项目的时候括号里没有内容需要手动加上
         ,
         'APP_DIRS': True,
         'OPTIONS': {
             'context_processors': [
                 'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                 'django.template.context_processors.request',
                 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
             ],
         },
     },
 ]

 WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mySecond.wsgi.application'

 # Database
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

 # DATABASES---》指定连接的数据库
 DATABASES = {
     'default': {
         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
         'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
     }
 }

 # Password validation
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
     },
 ]

 # Internationalization
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

 TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

 USE_I18N = True

 USE_L10N = True

 USE_TZ = True

 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

 # 静态文件配置：（名字一定不能错）
 # STATICFILES_DIRS=[
 #     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
 # ]
 STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 这步相当于做了个接口，通过接口来访问STATICFILES_DIRS
 # 如果不写static_url这个接口，外面可以直接调用里面的文件
 STATICFILES_DIRS=[
     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
 ]

settigns

管理django项目的manage文件

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mySecond.settings")
     try:
         from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
     except ImportError:
         # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
         # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
         # exceptions on Python 2.
         try:
             import django
         except ImportError:
             raise ImportError(
                 "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
                 "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
                 "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
             )
         raise
     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

manage

urls 存放请求地址和函数关系的路由

 """mySecond URL Configuration

 The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
     https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
 Examples:
 Function views
     1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
 Class-based views
     1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
 Including another URLconf
     1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
 """
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.contrib import admin
 from app01 import views
 urlpatterns = [
     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
     url(r'^index/', views.index),
     url(r'^login/', views.login),
     url(r'^login_submit/', views.login_submit),
 ]

urls

views  视图函数的存放点

 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
 # 三件套 render 模板渲染
 # HttpResponse 返回字符串
 # redirect 重定向
 import pymysql

 # redirect  重定向
 # Create your views here.

 def index(request):
     # with open('templates/index','r') as f:
     #     data=f.read()
     print(request.method)

     # return HttpResponse('<h1>Hellw</h1>')
     return render(request, 'index.html')

 def login111(request):
     # GET 一定要大写
     if request.method == 'GET':
         return render(request, 'login.html')
     elif request.method == 'POST':
         name = request.POST['name']
         # 推荐用这种
         # request.POST  请求体的内容都在里面，字典形式
         # <QueryDict: {'name': ['123'], 'password': ['444']}>
         password = request.POST.get('password', None)
         conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password="", database='test', port=3306)

         cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
         cursor.execute('select * from user where  name=%s and password=%s', [name, password])
         user = cursor.fetchone()
         if user:
             return HttpResponse('登录成功')
         # if name == 'lqz' and password == '123':
         #     # return HttpResponse('登录成功')
         #     return redirect('www.baidu.com')
         #     # return redirect('http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/')
         else:
             error = '用户名或密码错误'
             return render(request, 'login.html', {'error': error})

 def login(request):
     error = ''
     if request.method == 'POST':
         name = request.POST['name']
         password = request.POST.get('password', None)
         conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password="", database='test', port=3306)
         cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
         cursor.execute('select * from user where  name=%s and password=%s', [name, password])
         user = cursor.fetchone()
         if user:
             return HttpResponse('登录成功')
         else:
             error = '用户名或密码错误'
     return render(request, 'login.html', {'error': error})

 def login_submit(request):
     # print(request.get_full_path())
     # print(request.method)
     print(request.POST)
     name = request.POST.get('name',None)
     # 推荐用这种
     # request.POST  请求体的内容都在里面，字典形式
     # <QueryDict: {'name': ['123'], 'password': ['444']}>
     password = request.POST.get('password', None)
     if name == 'lqz' and password == '':
         # return HttpResponse('登录成功')
         return redirect('/index/')

     return redirect('/login/')

views

注意：html结尾的这些文件通常都放在templates下，称作模板

index.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>Title</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/mycss.css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>Hello</h1>
 </body>
 </html>

index.html

login.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>登录</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div class="container">

 <div class="row">

     <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">

             <form action="" method="post">

                 <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" ></p>
                 <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"></p>
                 <p><input type="submit" value="登录" class="form-control"></p>
                 <p class="text-danger text-center">{{ error }}</p>

 </form>
     </div>
 </div>

 </div>

 </body>
 </html>

login.html

static文件：下面存放着css,js,img,bootstrap等。。

最后，附上自己的作业：

 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

 # Create your views here.
 # 视图层函数里面就是一个个需要通过路由来调用并访问的函数
 # 调用函数的目的是为了去访问模板层。
 import pymysql

 def index(request):
     with open('templates/index','r') as f:
         print(f.read())
     return render(request,'index.html')
     # return HttpResponse('<h1>hellowword</h1>')

 def register(request):
     if request.method == 'GET':
         return render(request,'register.html')
     elif request.method == 'POST':
         name = request.POST.get('name',None)
         password = request.POST.get('password',None)
         re_password = request.POST.get('re_password',None)
         if password != re_password:
             return HttpResponse('password is not similar')
         else:
             conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password="", database='test', port=3306)

             cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
             cursor.execute('select * from user where name=%s and password = %s', [name, password])
             user = cursor.fetchone()
             if user:
                 return HttpResponse('having the similar user please change the user or password')
             else:
                 # 数据库建表的时候要递增
                 cursor.execute('insert into user(name,password) values(%s,%s) ', [name, password])
                 print(request.POST.get('name',None))
                 # 必须要提交，否则不会写到数据库里
                 conn.commit()
                 # 必须要有返回值
                 return HttpResponse('sn')

 def login(request):
     if request.method == 'GET':
         return render(request,'login.html')
     elif request.method == 'POST':
         name = request.POST.get('name',None)
         password = request.POST.get('password',None)
         conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password="", database='test', port=3306)

         cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
         cursor.execute('select * from user where  name=%s and password=%s', [name, password])
         user = cursor.fetchone()
         if user:
             return HttpResponse('login success')
         else:
             error = "logging fail,relog again"
             return render(request,'login.html',{'error':error})

views

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>register</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
 </head>
 <body>
     <div class = 'row'>
         <div class = 'col-md-6 col-md-offset-3'>
         <form action="" method = 'post'>
             <p>user：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" ></p>
             <p>pwd：<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"></p>
             <p>re_pwd：<input type="password" name="re_password" class="form-control"></p>
             <p><input type="submit" value="register" class="form-control"></p>
             <p class="text-danger text-center">{{ error }}</p>
         </form>
         </div>
     </div>

 </body>
 </html>

register.html