MySQL中存储json格式数据

1.1.1. JSON类型数据存储

新建表

create table json_user (

uid int auto_increment,

data json,

primary key(uid)

);

插入数据

insert into json_user values (

null, '{

"name":"lison",

"age":18,

"address":"enjoy"

}' );

insert into json_user values (

null,

'{

"name":"james",

"age":28,

"mail":"james@163.com"

}');

1.1.1.2. JSON函数

1.1.1.2.1. json_extract 抽取

select json_extract('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[1]');

　　-- 10

select

json_extract(data, '$.name'),

json_extract(data, '$.address')

from json_user;

　　--取出json类型字段中，name跟address

1.1.1.2.2. JSON_OBJECT 将对象转为json

select json_object("name", "enjoy", "email", "enjoy.com", "age",35);

insert into json_user values (

null,

json_object("name", "王五", "email", "wangwu@qq.com", "age",18) );

1.1.1.2.3. json_insert 插入数据

语法：JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

set @json = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';

　　-- @json局部   ；    -- @@json全局

select json_insert(@json, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');

　　-- 当前语句：更新或者修改（数据已存在更新，没有的插入）

update json_user set data = json_insert(data, "$.address_2", "xiangxue") where uid = 1;

1.1.1.2.4. json_merge 合并数据并返回

select json_merge('{"name": "enjoy"}', '{"id": 47}');

select

json_merge(

json_extract(data, '$.address'),

json_extract(data, '$.address_2')

)

from json_user where uid = 1;

　　-- 将当前用户的两个地址合并

1.1.1.2.5. 其他函数：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json-function-reference.html

1.1.2. JSON索引

JSON 类型数据本身 无法直接 创建索引，需要将需要索引的 JSON数据 重新 生成虚拟列(Virtual Columns) 之后，对 该列 进行 索引

create table test_inex_1(

data json,

gen_col varchar(10) generated always as (json_extract(data, '$.name')),

index idx (gen_col)

);

insert into test_inex_1(data) values ('{"name":"king", "age":18, "address":"cs"}');

insert into test_inex_1(data) values ('{"name":"peter", "age":28, "address":"zz"}');

select * from test_inex_1;

疑问：这条sql查询的结果是？

select json_extract(data,"$.name") as username from test_inex_1 where gen_col="king";

select json_extract(data,"$.name") as username from test_inex_1 where gen_col='"king"';

explain select json_extract(data,"$.name") as username from test_index_1 where gen_col="king"

查阅官方文档，建立虚拟列，这个列查询的时候不需要加上“”符号

create table test_index_2 (

data json,

gen_col varchar(10) generated always as (

json_unquote(

json_extract(data, "$.name")

)),

key idx(gen_col)

);

insert into test_index_2(data) values ('{"name":"king", "age":18, "address":"cs"}');

insert into test_index_2(data) values ('{"name":"peter", "age":28, "address":"zz"}');

select json_extract(data,"$.name") as username from test_index_2 where gen_col="king";