Android 蓝牙4.0的连接和通讯

1.加入权限

 <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=""
        android:targetSdkVersion=""/>
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

2.蓝牙服务

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package myapplication.com.myappforble.activity;

import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server hosted on a
 * given Bluetooth LE device.
 */
public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {
    private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();

    private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;

    public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
    public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
    public final static String EXTRA_DATA =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA";

    public final static UUID UUID_NOTIFY =
            UUID.fromString("0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    public final static UUID UUID_SERVICE =
        UUID.fromString("0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");

    public BluetoothGattCharacteristic mNotifyCharacteristic;

    public void WriteValue(String strValue)
    {
        mNotifyCharacteristic.setValue(strValue.getBytes());
        mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(mNotifyCharacteristic);
    }

    public void findService(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices)
    {
        Log.i(TAG, "Count is:" + gattServices.size());
        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices)
        {
            Log.i(TAG, gattService.getUuid().toString());
            Log.i(TAG, UUID_SERVICE.toString());
            if(gattService.getUuid().toString().equalsIgnoreCase(UUID_SERVICE.toString()))
            {
                List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =
                    gattService.getCharacteristics();
                Log.i(TAG, "Count is:" + gattCharacteristics.size());
                for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic :
                    gattCharacteristics)
                {
                    if(gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString().equalsIgnoreCase(UUID_NOTIFY.toString()))
                    {
                        Log.i(TAG, gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString());
                        Log.i(TAG, UUID_NOTIFY.toString());
                        mNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
                        setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true);
                        broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Implements callback methods for GATT events that the app cares about.  For example,
    // connection change and services discovered.
    private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            Log.i(TAG, "oldStatus=" + status + " NewStates=" + newState);
            if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)
            {

            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;

                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" +
                        mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
                mBluetoothGatt.close();
                mBluetoothGatt = null;
                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
                findService(gatt.getServices());
            } else {
                if(mBluetoothGatt.getDevice().getUuids() == null)
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                         int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            Log.e(TAG, "OnCharacteristicWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                        int status)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "OnCharacteristicWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDescriptorRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattDescriptor bd,
                                         int status) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onDescriptorRead");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattDescriptor bd,
                                         int status) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onDescriptorWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int a, int b)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "onReadRemoteRssi");
        }

        @Override
        public void onReliableWriteCompleted(BluetoothGatt gatt, int a)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "onReliableWriteCompleted");
        }

    };

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
                                 final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);

        // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile.  Data parsing is
        // carried out as per profile specifications:
        // http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
            // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
        final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
        if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
            //final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
            //for(byte byteChar : data)
            //    stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
            //intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" + stringBuilder.toString());
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data));
        }
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        public BluetoothLeService getService() {
            return BluetoothLeService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        // After using a given device, you should make sure that BluetoothGatt.close() is called
        // such that resources are cleaned up properly.  In this particular example, close() is
        // invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
        close();
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

    /**
     * Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
     *
     * @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
     */
    public boolean initialize() {
        // For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter through
        // BluetoothManager.
        if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
            mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
                return false;
            }
        }

        mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
     *
     * @param address The device address of the destination device.
     *
     * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The connection result
     *         is reported asynchronously through the
     *         {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     *         callback.
     */
    public boolean connect(final String address) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
            return false;
        }
/*
        // Previously connected device.  Try to reconnect.
        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
                && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
*/
        BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
            return false;
        }
        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the autoConnect
        // parameter to false.
        if(mBluetoothGatt != null)
        {
            mBluetoothGatt.close();
            mBluetoothGatt = null;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        //mBluetoothGatt.connect();

        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The disconnection result
     * is reported asynchronously through the
     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     * callback.
     */
    public void disconnect() {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure resources are
     * released properly.
     */
    public void close() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }

    /**
     * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read result is reported
     * asynchronously through the {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
     * callback.
     *
     * @param characteristic The characteristic to read from.
     */
    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }

    /**
     * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
     *
     * @param characteristic Characteristic to act on.
     * @param enabled If true, enable notification.  False otherwise.
     */
    public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                              boolean enabled) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
/*
        // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
        if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(
                    UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
            descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
            mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
        }
        */
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This should be
     * invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()} completes successfully.
     *
     * @return A {@code List} of supported services.
     */
    public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) return null;

        return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
    }
}

3.连接通讯

package myapplication.com.myappforble;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import myapplication.com.myappforble.activity.BluetoothLeService;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    TextView textView_show;
    private boolean mConnected = false;
    Button button_send,button_lianjie;
    private String mDeviceName;
    private String mDeviceAddress;
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private BluetoothLeService mBluetoothLeService;

    /**
     *
     * */

    private final ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) {
            mBluetoothLeService = ((BluetoothLeService.LocalBinder) service).getService();
            if (!mBluetoothLeService.initialize()) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");
                finish();
            }

            Log.e(TAG, "mBluetoothLeService is okay");
            // Automatically connects to the device upon successful start-up initialization.
            //mBluetoothLeService.connect(mDeviceAddress);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            mBluetoothLeService = null;
        }
    };

    /***
     *
     * */
    private final BroadcastReceiver mGattUpdateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            final String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Only gatt, just wait");
            } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) {
                mConnected = false;
                invalidateOptionsMenu();
                button_send.setEnabled(false);
            }else if(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED.equals(action))
            {
                mConnected = true;
                button_send.setEnabled(true);
                ShowDialog();
                Log.e(TAG, "In what we need");
                invalidateOptionsMenu();
            }else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) {
                Log.e(TAG, "RECV DATA");
                String data = intent.getStringExtra(BluetoothLeService.EXTRA_DATA);
                if (data != null) {
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　//  接受的数据
                    if (textView_show.getText().toString().length() <500)
                    textView_show.append(data);

                }
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
        mDeviceName  = "NDCT-T0001";  //这里是蓝牙的名称
        mDeviceAddress  =  "04:A3:16:A6:FE:FE"; // 蓝牙地址

        Intent gattServiceIntent = new Intent(this, BluetoothLeService.class);
        Log.d(TAG, "Try to bindService=" + bindService(gattServiceIntent, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE));

        registerReceiver(mGattUpdateReceiver, makeGattUpdateIntentFilter());

    }

    public  void init(){
        textView_show= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_show);
        button_lianjie= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_lianjian);
        button_send= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send);
　　　　　　//  连接蓝牙
        button_lianjie.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mBluetoothLeService.connect(mDeviceAddress);
            }
        });

        /**
         * 发送
         * */
        button_send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(!mConnected) return;

                mBluetoothLeService.WriteValue("12345678");

                InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
            }
        });

    }

    private void ShowDialog()
    {
        Toast.makeText(this, "开始通讯吧", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    private static IntentFilter makeGattUpdateIntentFilter() {
        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_UUID);
        return intentFilter;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        /*registerReceiver(mGattUpdateReceiver, makeGattUpdateIntentFilter());
        if (mBluetoothLeService != null) {
            final boolean result = mBluetoothLeService.connect(mDeviceAddress);
            Log.d(TAG, "Connect request result=" + result);
        }*/
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(mGattUpdateReceiver);
        unbindService(mServiceConnection);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //this.unregisterReceiver(mGattUpdateReceiver);
        //unbindService(mServiceConnection);
        if(mBluetoothLeService != null)
        {
            mBluetoothLeService.close();
            mBluetoothLeService = null;
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "We are in destroy");
    }
}

4.主布局2个按钮，一个textView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="myapplication.com.myappforble.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text=""
        android:id="@+id/textView_show"
        android:textColor="@color/hei"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
    <Button
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:text="连接"
        android:textColor="@color/hei"
        android:id="@+id/button_lianjian" />

    <Button
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送"
        android:id="@+id/button_send"
        android:textColor="@color/hei"
        android:layout_marginStart="43dp"
        />

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

实现效果图：发送的数据写死了，可以修改。

<压缩包:蓝牙4.0连接通讯(不含搜索)>

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