ruby net/http模块使用

ruby中的NET::HTTP；这里暂时先列出几个固定用法：

其中一，二不支持请求头设置(header取ruby默认值)，只能用于基本的请求，不支持持久连接，如果您执行许多HTTP请求，则不推荐它们；三，四可以设置请求头；

NET::HTTP不能处理重定向和404 ；不支持会话保持

一. 基本GET请求get_response

require 'net/http'

# 基本GET请求
require 'net/http'
uri = URI('http://httpbin.org/get')
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
puts response.body

# 带参数的GET请求
require 'net/http'
uri = URI('http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhaofan&age=23')
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
puts response.body

# 如果我们想要在URL查询字符串传递数据，通常我们会通过httpbin.org/get?key=val方式传递
# URI模块允许使用 encode_www_form 方法，将一个HASH来进行转化，例子如下：
require 'net/http'
uri = URI('http://httpbin.org/get?')
data = {name:'zhaofan', age:23}
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(data)
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
puts response.body

二.基本post请求post_form(header默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded)

require 'net/http'

# 基本POST请求
# 通过在发送post请求时添加一个params参数，这个params参数可以通过字典构造成;
# 该方法底层和get_response一样都是调用了response方法
uri = URI('http://httpbin.org/post')
params = {name:'zhaofan', age:23}
res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, params)
puts res.body

三.get固定用法

require 'net/http'

url = URI('http://httpbin.org/get?')
# 设置请求参数
params = {'name':'test'}
url.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
# 设置请求头
header = {'user-agent':'Chrome/61.0.3163.100'}

response = http.get(url, header)
puts response.body

四.post固定用法

• application/json

  require 'net/http'
  require 'json'
  
  #application/json
  url = URI('http://httpbin.org/post')
  
  http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
  # 设置请求参数
  data = {'code':1, 'sex':'男', 'id':1900, 'name': 'test'}.to_json
  # 设置请求头
  header = {'content-type':'application/json'}
  response = http.post(url, data, header)
  puts response.body

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded

  require 'net/http'
  require 'json'
  
  #application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  url = URI('http://httpbin.org/post')
  http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
  #encodeURI参数
  data = URI.encode_www_form({'name':'test'})
  #设置请求头
  header = {'content-type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
  response = http.post(url, data,header)
  puts response.body

• multipart/form-data 上传文件

  # multipart/form-data
  url = URI('http://httpbin.org/post')
  http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
  
  # 设置请求参数
  data = [
      ['name', 'test'],
      ['image', open('test.jpg'), { filename: 'test.jpg'}]
  ]
  request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url.path)
  request.set_form(data, 'multipart/form-data')
  response = http.request(request)
  puts response.body

五.response响应内容

require 'net/http'
uri = URI('http://www.baidu.com')
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
puts "http版本：#{response.http_version}" #=> 1.1
puts "响应代码： #{response.code}" #=> 200
puts "响应信息：#{response.message}" #=> ok
puts "uri：#{response.uri}" #=> http://www.baidu.com
puts "解码信息：#{response.decode_content}" #=> true
puts response.body #=> 响应体
response.header.each do |k,v|
  puts "#{k}:#{v}"
end #=> 响应头

六.发送https请求

require 'net/https'
# 设置https
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE