ubuntu下cacti安装配置

参考文献

http://kling.blog.51cto.com/3320545/1180778

前言：

原本是想源码安装的，但是现在发现还是太麻烦了，就直接通过apt-get install安装了。

一、cacti概述

1. cacti是用php语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用snmp服务获取数据，然后用rrdtool储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用rrdtool生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp和rrdtool是cacti的关键。Snmp关系着数据的收集，rrdtool关系着数据存储和图表的生成。

2. Mysql配合PHP程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机ip、snmp团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量。

3. snmp抓到数据不是存储在mysql中，而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文件中（在cacti根目录的rra文件夹下）。rrdtool对数据的更新和存储就是对rrd文件的处理，rrd文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。

二、系统环境

1、Linux ubuntu-server 3.5.0-23-generic x86_64

三、apache、mysql、php安装

参考：http://developer.51cto.com/art/201110/299303.htm

四、cacti安装

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ apt-get update
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ sudo apt-get install cacti

通过这种方式安装会显示依赖包

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libperl5. libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
Suggested packages:
  php5-ldap php5-adodb lm-sensors snmp-mibs-downloader
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cacti libperl5. libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
 upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
Need to get , kB/, kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-cli amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,051 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-mysql amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [76.6 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-gd amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [38.8 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libapache2-mod-php5 amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,137 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-common amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [1,774 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp-base all 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [217 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp15 amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [1,334 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main mysql-server all 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [11.4 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-snmp amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [11.0 kB]
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main snmp amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [162 kB]
Fetched , kB in 16s ( kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Package configuration

下面是安装过程截图

选中Apache2以后，接下来再会安装一些软件

Selecting previously unselected package libsensors4.
(Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libsensors4 (from .../libsensors4_1%3a3.3.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace php5-cli 5.3.-1ubuntu3. (using .../php5-cli_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement php5-cli ...
Preparing to replace php5-mysql 5.3.-1ubuntu3. (using .../php5-mysql_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement php5-mysql ...
Preparing to replace php5-gd 5.3.-1ubuntu3. (using .../php5-gd_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement php5-gd ...
Preparing to replace libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.-1ubuntu3. (using .../libapache2-mod-php5_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libapache2-mod-php5 ...
Preparing to replace php5-common 5.3.-1ubuntu3. (using .../php5-common_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement php5-common ...
Selecting previously unselected package libperl5..
Unpacking libperl5. (from .../libperl5.14_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libphp-adodb.
Unpacking libphp-adodb (from .../libphp-adodb_5.-1_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp-base.
Unpacking libsnmp-base (from .../libsnmp-base_5.4.3~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.2_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp15.
Unpacking libsnmp15 (from .../libsnmp15_5.4.3~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Unpacking mysql-server (from .../mysql-server_5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package php5-snmp.
Unpacking php5-snmp (from .../php5-snmp_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package snmp.
Unpacking snmp (from .../snmp_5.4.3~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rrdtool.
Unpacking rrdtool (from .../rrdtool_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cacti.
Unpacking cacti (from .../cacti_0..7i-2ubuntu1_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libsensors4 (:3.3.-2ubuntu1) ...
Setting up php5-common (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
Setting up php5-cli (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
* Reloading web server config apache2
   ...done.
Setting up php5-mysql (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
Setting up php5-gd (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
Setting up libperl5. (5.14.-6ubuntu2.) ...
Setting up libphp-adodb (5.12-) ...
Setting up libsnmp-base (5.4.~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.) ...
Setting up libsnmp15 (5.4.~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.) ...
Setting up mysql-server (5.5.-0ubuntu0.12.04.) ...
Setting up php5-snmp (5.3.-1ubuntu3.) ...
Setting up snmp (5.4.~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.) ...
Setting up rrdtool (1.4.-) ...
Setting up cacti (0.8.7i-2ubuntu1) ...
dbconfig-common: writing config to /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf

Creating config file /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/debian.php with new version
granting access to database cacti for cacti@localhost: success.
verifying access for cacti@localhost: success.
creating database cacti: success.
verifying database cacti exists: success.
populating database via sql...  done.
dbconfig-common: flushing administrative password

Creating config file /etc/cacti/apache.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/lighttpd.conf with new version
* Reloading web server config apache2
   ...done.
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

网页安装

在安装完上面内容以后，请进入以下地址http://your-ip/cacti/再安装

安装snmpd

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ sudo apt-get install snmpd
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  snmpd
 upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
Need to get 76.0 kB of archives.
After this operation,  kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get: http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main snmpd amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [76.0 kB]
Fetched 76.0 kB in 0s (97.6 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package snmpd.
(Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking snmpd (from .../snmpd_5.4.3~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up snmpd (5.4.~dfsg-.4ubuntu1.) ...
update-rc.d: warning: snmpd stop runlevel arguments () do not match LSB Default-Stop values (  )
* Starting network management services:
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ 

测试snmp的服务

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ snmpwalk -v  -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 = STRING: "Linux ubuntu-server 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64"
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ 

查看localhost的监控画面

在配置完毕上述内容以后，正常情况下应该可以看到cacti对于自身localhost的的默认监控了。我们进入到Graphs->Tree Mode->Default Tree->Host:Localhost当中查看对于localhost的监控，如下图所示。

常见问题解决

问题1：cacti无法正常生成图片

在cacti当中看不到图片，通过Turn Off Graph Debug Mode.提示报错如下：

'/var/lib/cacti/rra/localhost_users_6.rrd': No such file or directory

解决方法：

这是因为权限问题原因导致的，系统无法生成相应的rrd文件，需要我们人工手动生成，具体操作方法如下：

Console->System Utilities->Rebuild Poller Cache