关于 RMAN 控制文件自动备份路径中指定的 %F 说明

默认情况下，RMAN备份的属性配置一共 14 行（ show all; ）来自博客园AskScuti

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

其中第 5 行，很多初学者容易引起误解，把 %F 与其它特定参数搞混，最后导致备份时总是报错。

ORA-19715: invalid format c for generated name

ORA-27302: failure occurred at: slgpn

目录

1. 错误的示范例子

　　1.1 错误示范-备份数据文件

　　1.2 错误示范-路径参数设置

2. %F 的含义说明

　　2.1 %F 含义

　　2.2 备份数据文件报错原因说明

　　2.3 路径参数设置报错原因说明

3. %F 的使用规则

1. 错误的示范例子

我们打开控制文件自动备份，其它配置保持默认

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

查看当前 RMAN 配置信息

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name SCERP are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_SCERP.f'; # default

这里有一个细节请注意：哪怕控制文件自动备份设置为 OFF，一旦备份全库（因为含了 SYSTEM）或者单独备份 SYSTEM 表空间数据文件时，也会自动备份控制文件。这个证明实验不再赘述。

查看当前表空间及数据文件，找一个小一些的数据文件，节省时间。

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name SCERP

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace  RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- ----------- ------- ------------------------------
1    750      SYSTEM      ***     +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/system01.dbf
2    520      SYSAUX      ***     +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/sysaux01.dbf
3    90       UNDOTBS1    ***     +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/undotbs01.dbf
4    5        USERS       ***     +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/users01.dbf
5    313      EXAMPLE     ***     +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/example01.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace  Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- ----------- ----------- ---------------------------
1    29       TEMP        32767       +ASMSYSTEM/scerp/temp01.dbf

1.1 错误示范-备份数据文件

RMAN> backup datafile 4 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data04_%F';

Starting backup at 2019-06-06 10:24:18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+ASMSYSTEM/scerp/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-06-06 10:24:18
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 06/06/2019 10:24:18
ORA-19715: invalid format F for generated name
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: slgpn

这时，报出 ORA-19715 和 ORA-27302 的错误，为什么？

1.2 错误示范-路径参数设置

设置控制文件自动备份路径（错误示范）

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%d_%s_%F.CTL';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%d_%s_%F.CTL';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

这个设置，感觉好像没有问题啊，妥妥滴，是不是？我们来备份下。

RMAN> backup datafile 4 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data04';

Starting backup at 2019-06-06 10:43:50
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+ASMSYSTEM/scerp/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-06-06 10:43:50
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-06-06 10:43:51
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/data04 tag=TAG20190606T104350 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2019-06-06 10:43:51

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2019-06-06 10:43:51
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of Control File and SPFILE Autobackup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 06/06/2019 10:43:52
ORA-19715: invalid format s for generated name
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: slgpn

这里是一看就会，一做就废栏目，给你一个可爱的笑脸