Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本

数据库

1、创建数据库

USE master ;
GO
CREATE DATABASE Sales
ON
( NAME = Sales_dat,
    FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\saledat.mdf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 5 )
LOG ON
( NAME = Sales_log,
    FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\salelog.ldf',
    SIZE = 5MB,
    MAXSIZE = 25MB,
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;
GO 

2、查看数据库

SELECT name, database_id, create_date
FROM sys.databases ;  

3、删除数据库

DROP DATABASE Sales;

表

1、创建表

CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail
(
    ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL
    ,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL
    ,ProductID int NULL
    ,UnitPrice money NULL
    ,OrderQty smallint NULL
    ,ReceivedQty float NULL
    ,RejectedQty float NULL
    ,DueDate datetime NULL
);  

2、删除表

DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail;  

3、重命名表

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory', 'SalesTerr';  

列

1、添加列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;

2、删除列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b;

3、重命名列

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID', 'TerrID', 'COLUMN';

约束

1、主键

--在现有表中创建主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
   ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);

--在新表中创建主键
CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1
   (
      TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL
      , CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID)
   )
;

--查看主键
SELECT name
FROM sys.key_constraints
WHERE type = 'PK' AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N'TransactionHistoryArchive';
GO  

--删除主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID;
GO  

视图

1、创建视图

CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate
AS
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS  p
ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ;
GO  

2、删除视图

DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate;  

存储过程

1、创建存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest
    @LastName nvarchar(50),
    @FirstName nvarchar(50)
AS
    SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department
    FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory
    WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName
    AND EndDate IS NULL;
GO  

2、删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest; 

3、执行存储过程

EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N'Ackerman', N'Pilar';
-- Or
EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar';
GO
-- Or
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman';
GO  

4、重命名存储过程

EXEC sp_rename 'P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest', 'P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2'; 

5、带有输出参数的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
@SalesPerson nvarchar(50),
@SalesYTD money OUTPUT
AS
    SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD
    FROM SalesPerson AS sp
    JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID
    WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson;
RETURN
GO

--调用
DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money;
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
    N'Blythe',
    @SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT;
GO  

游标

--定义要使用的变量
DECLARE @Id uniqueidentifier
DECLARE @Name nvarchar(50)
DECLARE @Gender bit
DECLARE @CreateTime nvarchar(50)

--定义游标
DECLARE Test_Cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT [Id],[Name],[Gender],[CreateTime] FROM Test

--打开游标
OPEN Test_Cursor

--返回结果集中的第一行
FETCH NEXT FROM Test_Cursor INTO @Id,@Name,@Gender,@CreateTime
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

    --更新
    UPDATE Test SET [Name] = [Name] + 'abc' WHERE CURRENT OF Test_Cursor

    IF(@Id = '4D2F97EF-8FEB-4183-BFD0-089222000F69')
    BEGIN
        --删除
        DELETE FROM Test WHERE CURRENT OF Test_Cursor
    END

    --紧跟当前行返回结果行，并且当前行递增为返回行。
    FETCH NEXT FROM Test_Cursor INTO @Id,@Name,@Gender,@CreateTime
END;
--关闭游标
CLOSE Test_Cursor;
--删除游标
DEALLOCATE Test_Cursor;  

数据类型