Django项目windows上开发，虚拟机上调通打包，生产环境解压即用

linux上部署Django项目

首先创建一个简易的Django项目

使用自动生成的这个数据库

压缩上传

解压运行，不可以

[root@mcw1 /opt/mcwtest]$ ls
app01  db.sqlite3  manage.py  mcwtest  __pycache__  templates
[root@mcw1 /opt/mcwtest]$ ls
app01  db.sqlite3  manage.py  mcwtest  __pycache__  templates
[root@mcw1 /opt/mcwtest]$ python3 manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 11, in main
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    ) from exc
ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?

把虚拟环境也打包上传

不行啊，解释器操作系统不一致，不能用

编译安装python3和sqlite3

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls
jdk       jpype          mcw      mcwtest.zip  openssh-8.8p1         openssl         openssl-1.1.1l.tar.gz  tomcat_mcw1
jieshiqi  machangwei.py  mcwtest  openssh      openssh-8.8p1.tar.gz  openssl-1.1.1l  Python-3.6.12.tgz
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ tar xf Python-3.6.12.tgz
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls
jdk       jpype          mcw      mcwtest.zip  openssh-8.8p1         openssl         openssl-1.1.1l.tar.gz  Python-3.6.12.tgz
jieshiqi  machangwei.py  mcwtest  openssh      openssh-8.8p1.tar.gz  openssl-1.1.1l  Python-3.6.12          tomcat_mcw1
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ cd Python-3.6.12/
[root@mcw1 /opt/Python-3.6.12]$ mkdir /opt/python3
[root@mcw1 /opt/Python-3.6.12]$ ls
aclocal.m4    config.sub  configure.ac  Grammar  install-sh  LICENSE  Makefile.pre.in  Modules  Parser  PCbuild   pyconfig.h.in  README.rst  Tools
config.guess  configure   Doc           Include  Lib         Mac      Misc             Objects  PC      Programs  Python         setup.py
[root@mcw1 /opt/Python-3.6.12]$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/python3
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile

If you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations

编译部分过程

已编译安装好并且能进入

将现有的site-package备份，用windows传上来的直接替换

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ python3/bin/python3
Python 3.6.12 (default, Dec 17 2021, 07:14:00)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ mv python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages_bak
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ cp -a jieshiqi/mcwtest/
Include/            Lib/                pip-selfcheck.json  pyvenv.cfg          Scripts/
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ cp -a jieshiqi/mcwtest/Lib/site-packages   python3/lib/python3.6/
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ python3/bin/python3
Python 3.6.12 (default, Dec 17 2021, 07:14:00)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ 

现在有Djongo了，但是还报错

[root@mcw1 /opt/mcwtest]$ /opt/python3/bin/python3  manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/python3/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner

  File "/opt/python3/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *
  File "/opt/python3/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module>
    from _sqlite3 import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_

从这里下载一个sqlite源码包：https://www.sqlite.org/download.html

编译安装到sqlite3目录下

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls sqlite
sqlite3/ sqlite-autoconf-3370000/ sqlite-autoconf-3370000.tar.gz
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls sqlite

备份并修改python源码包中的setup文件

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls Python-3.6.6
aclocal.m4    config.status  Doc         Lib              Makefile         Modules  PCbuild         pyconfig.h.in  python-config.py  setup.pybak
build         config.sub     Grammar     libpython3.6m.a  Makefile.pre     Objects  Programs        python         python-gdb.py     Tools
config.guess  configure      Include     LICENSE          Makefile.pre.in  Parser   pybuilddir.txt  Python         README.rst
config.log    configure.ac   install-sh  Mac              Misc             PC       pyconfig.h      python-config  setup.py
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ ls Python-3.6.6/setup.py
Python-3.6.6/setup.py

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ grep sqlite -C 5 Python-3.6.6/setup.py
if db_setup_debug: print("db: no appropriate library found")

在setup文件中添加sqlite编译安装的目录文件信息。然后重新编译安装python3.6

重新编译安装python3.6之后，继续运行任务

报错：

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ python3/bin/python3 mcwtest/manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "mcwtest/manage.py", line 11, in main
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "mcwtest/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "mcwtest/manage.py", line 17, in main
    ) from exc
ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ 

解决方法：将刚刚编译安装好的python3.6.6的site-package目录备份，然后用windows的pycharm项目使用的解释器中的site-package目录，直接复制过去替代原来的

[root@mcw1 /opt]$ mv python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages_bak
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ cp -a jieshiqi/mcwtest/Lib/site-packages/ python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages
[root@mcw1 /opt]$ python3/bin/python3 mcwtest/manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 17, 2021 - 01:46:37
Django version 3.2.10, using settings 'mcwtest.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
^C[root@mcw1 /opt]$ 

运行程序

访问页面

Invalid HTTP_HOST header: '10.0.0.131:8000'. You may need to add '10.0.0.131' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.

安装上面的报错信息提示，修改添加项目配置，允许本机ip访问

然后再次运行项目

至少能访问到页面了

将编译安装在/opt/下的python环境，sqlite3，以及我们的项目目录都传到mcw02主机上。看复制文件是否就能实现djonge项目在其它主机运行。

将项目复制到其它主机，修改主机ip配置，但是无法运行起项目来

[root@mcw2 ~]# ls /opt/
[root@mcw2 ~]# cd /opt/
[root@mcw2 opt]# ls
mcwtest  python3  sqlite3
[root@mcw2 opt]# hostname -I
10.0.0.132 172.16.1.132
[root@mcw2 opt]# vim mcwtest/mcwtest/settings.py
[root@mcw2 opt]# grep -i host mcwtest/mcwtest/settings.py
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["10.0.0.132"]
[root@mcw2 opt]# python3/bin/python3 mcwtest/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
.......
  File "/opt/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 73, in <module>
    check_sqlite_version()
  File "/opt/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 69, in check_sqlite_version
    'SQLite 3.9.0 or later is required (found %s).' % Database.sqlite_version
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: SQLite 3.9.0 or later is required (found 3.7.17).

sqlie数据库，貌似是不用起进程的，这里编译安装好就行，连接的库也不是这里。而且项目已经连接的数据库，是从pycharm那里运行项目时自动生成的那个sqlite3数据库。还在项目的根目录下，并且能正常使用。

之前上面那个问题解决方法：备份源码，并修改源码，支持当前版本sqlite

查看到报错位置有个检查版本的函数，原来是3,9,0比较。而我的sqlite版本是3.7的，所以我就改了版本比较数为3,3,0.这样就不会因为版本低而无法运行项目了。或许你可以去重新编译安装sqlite版本为3.9以上，但是不只是花时间，而且我自己也没有在官网找到这个版本的包，我3.7已经是下载的最新版本sqlite了。

def check_sqlite_version():
    if Database.sqlite_version_info < (3, 3, 0):
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(
            'SQLite 3.3.0 or later is required (found %s).' % Database.sqlite_version
        )

修改以后，在mcw02主机上重新运行项目，正常运行

然后页面访问迁移到mcw02主机的项目，成功访问。至此，完成了将项目从windows上移到linux上，又从linux上移到到其它linux上。至于为什么要再从linux上移到其它linux上，这是因为生产环境我们尽量不弄乱它的环境。而这里我们可用在windows上开发，在虚拟机上调试好三个目录，能正常运行，然后可以打包直接去生产上解压运行，只是占三个目录，并不会影响到其它目录或者部署的东西到其它目录下。互不干扰。如果python是用虚拟环境的方式，那么需要使用命令创建虚拟环境，暂时对这个没深入研究，害怕创建虚拟环境影响到其它程序使用python，或者自己弄自己的虚拟环境，不小心把其它的虚拟环境也弄坏了，而这个编译安装的python，独自有自己的目录，修改啥的也对其它程序影响小很多；如果sqlite使用的是mysql，那么需要起一个mysql进程，这样会占用资源比较多，而sqlie却没有起进程，就在那个目录下，对其它程序影响小

编译安装的是可以迁移其它目录和主机的

如果是编译安装的python和 sqlite等，编译安装指定某个目录后，直接打包目录，不只是能跨主机，也是能跨目录的，不是非要在编译安装的目录才能使用

比如下面这个，python3和sqlite都是编译安装到/opt目录下的，但是直接打包放到别的目录或者别的主机，照样可以运行程序