java+selenium自动化实践

git+java+selenium+testng +maven+idea

1、git之代码维护（下载、分支切换、上传）

下载命令 "git clone git@github.com:Luna0715/learnmaven.git"
git branch -a 列出所有分支
git branch 查看本地分支
创建分支：git branch <name>
创建+切换分支：git checkout -b <name>
git checkout -b develop origin/develop 切换到develop分支
git branch 验证一下，已经切换到develop分支
再切换回master： git checkout master git branch

git remote add origin git@github.com:Luna0715/GodLikeCourse.git
使用命令 git add . 提交新文件(new)和被修改(modified)文件，不包括被删除(deleted)文件到缓存区
git commit -am "修改代码" 用于提交跟踪过的文件 
git push 将本地分支的更新，推送到远程主机
git push --set-upstream origin develop推送远程不存在的本地分支

更新项目：

1.加一个线上主干git remote add upstream git@github.com:QA/GodLikeCourse.git

2.从主干拉取代码 git pull upstream master

git status
git stash

2、引用testng

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

方法前加注释@Test

3、调试

定位到要断点的源代码行，在源代码所在行前面，单击一下鼠标左键，设置一个断点，以DEBUG的模式运行项目

4、元素定位

xpath常用符号说明：

/表示绝对路径，绝对路径是指从根目录开始

//表示相对路径

.表示当前层

..表示上一层

*表示通配符

@表示属性

[]属性的判断条件表达式

1）driver.findElement(By.linkText("个人中心"))

2）driver.findElement(By.id("mobile1")).sendKeys("13111111111");

3）WebElement confirm = driver.findElement(By.className("confirm-btn"));

4）public static String getusername;

getusername = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@class='option']/li[1]/a")).getText();

WebElement fenqi = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='分期']"));

WebElement CheTu = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@class='carlist']/ul/li[1]"));

By.xpath(".//*[@class='pop-up-layer' and @style='display: block;']")

5）通过定位到的元素继续定位元素

WebElement productlist = driver.findElement(By.id("FirstPageProductList1"));
List<WebElement> products = productlist.findElements(By.className("list-header-ctr"));
System.out.println("product数量"+products.size());
getText = products.get(0).findElements(By.className("company-name")).get(0).getText();
for (WebElement ele : products) {

    sleep(2);
    getText = ele.findElements(By.className("company-name")).get(0).getText();
    System.out.println("套餐名称是:" + getText);
}

List<WebElement> SeeInof = productlist.findElements(By.className("col-black"));
SeeInof.get(0).click();
5、页面切换
#不关闭旧窗口

public static void removeHandles(WebDriver driver){
    //获取当前页面句柄
    String handle = driver.getWindowHandle();
    // 获取所有页面的句柄，并循环判断不是当前的句柄
    for (String handles : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
        if (handles.equals(handle))
            continue;
        driver.switchTo().window(handles);
    }
}

#关闭旧窗口

    public static void removeHandles(WebDriver driver){
    //获取win窗口
    try {
        String [] handles = new String[driver.getWindowHandles().size()];//定义一个空数组，数组大小是打开窗口的数量
        driver.getWindowHandles().toArray(handles);//将获取到的句柄集合转换为数组
        //here
        //driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
        sleep(2);
        //切换到旧窗口
        WebDriver handle2 = driver.switchTo().window(handles[0]);
        sleep(2);
        //关闭旧窗口
        handle2.close();
        sleep(2);
        //切换到新窗口
        driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
        sleep(2);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
        // TODO: handle exception
        System.out.println("浏览器切换窗口异常" + e);
    }}

6、截图
1）
if(isElementExist(driver, By.xpath("//*[@id=\"list\"]/aside[1]/div[1]/div[2]/aside[1]/a/img")) ==true ){

    System.out.println("车图元素存在！");
}else{
    System.out.println("车图元素未找到，失败图片：" + picturePath);
    screenShot(picturePath,driver);//调用失败截图功能；
}

public static void screenShot(String path,WebDriver driver){
    //将当前窗口截屏，获得一个File的图片文件对象；
    File screenFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
    //将图片文件对象，保存到指定的路径path里,例如D盘的某个文件夹下。
    try {
        File file = new File(path);   //在指定路径中，创建一个空白的图片文件
        FileUtils.copyFile(screenFile,file);//将窗口截屏文件，保存到刚刚创建的空白文件里
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

2）

try{
    driver.findElement(By.className("logo-sv"));
}catch(Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    String tpath="D:\\screenshots\\"+getScreen(driver)+".jpg";
    System.out.println("logo元素未找到，失败图片：" +tpath);//调用失败截图功能；
}

public static String getScreen(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
    Date dt = new Date();
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
    File screenshot=((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
    FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot,new File("D:\\screenshots\\"+sdf.format(dt)+".png"));
    return sdf.format(dt);
}

7、校验

1）
if (getusername.equals("135****7172")){
    System.out.println("登录成功");
}
else{
    System.out.println("登录失败");
}

2）
if(isElementExist(driver, By.xpath(".//*[@class='carlist']/ul/li[1]/div[1]")) == true){
    System.out.println("第一个车图元素存在！");
}else{
    System.out.println("第一个车图元素未找到！");
}

public static boolean isElementExist(WebDriver driver, By by) {
    try {
        driver.findElement(by);
        return true;
    } catch(NoSuchElementException e) {
        return false;
    }
}

8、用JS方法将滚动条定位到某个元素

WebElement CheTu = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@class='carlist']/ul/li[1]"));
public static void executeJS(WebDriver driver,WebElement arg) {

    //用JS方法将滚动条定位到xx元素,其中auguments[0]就代表element
    ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",arg);
}

9、线程休眠

public static  void sleep(double d) {
    try {
        d *= 1000;
        Thread.sleep((int)d);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
10、捕获异常

try {

} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

11、断言

assert getPackagename.contains(getText);
assert driver.getTitle().equals("XXXXXX");

12、初始化

//将浏览器的驱动程序位置设定为系统属性值:webdriver.chrome.driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/selenium/chromedriver.exe");
//启动浏览器
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
//打开网址
driver.get("https://www.xxxxxx.com/");
//窗口最大化
driver.manage().window().maximize();
// 获取 网页的 title
System.out.println("The testing page title is: " + driver.getTitle());

13、需要引入的包

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.util.List;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;

import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

14、主函数快捷键psvm
15、遍历
示例一：

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.testng.Assert;
import java.util.List;
public class secondtestcase {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
            WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
            driver.get("http://www.xxxxxx.com/ ");
            WebElement hide = driver.findElement(By.className("newcar-down-box"));
            Actions action = new Actions(driver);
            action.moveToElement(hide).perform();
            WebElement pricecondition = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.models-show-newcar.hide"));
            // String pricecondition = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[7]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/dl[1]/dd/a[1]")).getText();
            List<WebElement> price = pricecondition.findElements(By.xpath("dl[1]/dd/a"));
            String pricetext[]=new String[]{"3万以下","3-5万","5-8万","8-10万","10-15万","15-20万","20-30万","30-45万","45万以上"};
            int count=price.size();
            for (int i=0;i<count;i++){
                Assert.assertEquals(price.get(i).getText(),pricetext[i]);
                String priceconteng[]=new String[count];
                priceconteng[i]=price.get(i).getText();
                System.out.println(priceconteng[i]);
                if (price.get(i).getText().equals(pricetext[i])){
                    System.out.println("匹配");
                }
                else {
                    System.out.println("不匹配");
                }
            }
        }
    }
示例二：

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class firsttestcase {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
            WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
            //System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/selenium/chromedriver.exe");
            //WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
            driver.navigate().to("http://xxx.xxxxxx.com/beijing/budget-b26/?source=2525 ");
                    WebElement brand_select = driver.findElement(By.className("budget-filter"));
            List<WebElement> brand = brand_select.findElements(By.xpath("div[1]/dl/dd/a"));
            int count = brand.size();
            String b[] = new String[]{"本田", "宝骏", "吉利", "大众", "哈弗", "现代", "五菱", "丰田", "众泰", "更多品牌"};
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                try {
                    if (brand.get(i).getText().equals(b[i])) {
                        System.out.println("匹配");
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    String picturePath = "D:\\file.png";
                    screenShot(picturePath,driver);//调用失败截图功能；
                }
            }
        }
        public static void screenShot(String path,WebDriver driver){
            //将当前窗口截屏，获得一个File的图片文件对象；
            File screenFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
            //将图片文件对象，保存到指定的路径path里,例如D盘的某个文件夹下。
            try {
                File file = new File(path);   //在指定路径中，创建一个空白的图片文件
                FileUtils.copyFile(screenFile,file);//将窗口截屏文件，保存到刚刚创建的空白文件里
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
示例三：

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import java.util.List;

public class Demo3 {
    public static String getText;
    public static String taocan;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //将浏览器的驱动程序位置设定为系统属性值:webdriver.chrome.driver
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D://Java//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://xxxxx.xxxxxx.com");
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        fenqidetails(driver);
        //driver.quit();
    }
    public static void fenqidetails(WebDriver driver){
        sleep(2);
        WebElement firstcar = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@class='carlist']/ul/li[1]"));
        firstcar.click();
        sleep(2);
        if(isElementExist(driver, By.xpath(".//*[@class='pop-up-layer' and @style='display: block;']"))==true){
            WebElement confirm = driver.findElement(By.className("confirm-btn"));
            confirm.click();
        }
        //设置显示等待时长：10s
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
        //显示等待：标题是否出现
        try {
            wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("XXXXXX"));
            System.out.println("The testing page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("标题没找到");
        }
        try {
            wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.className("search")));
            System.out.println("有搜索框");
        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("搜索框没找到");
        }
//        List<WebElement> products = driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@id='FirstPageProductList1']/li"));
        WebElement productlist = driver.findElement(By.id("FirstPageProductList1"));
        List<WebElement> products = productlist.findElements(By.className("list-header-ctr"));
        System.out.println("product数量"+products.size());
        for (WebElement ele : products) {
            sleep(2);
            getText = ele.findElements(By.className("company-name")).get(0).getText();
            System.out.println("套餐名称是:" + getText);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
            sleep(2);
            List<WebElement> SeeInof = productlist.findElements(By.className("col-black"));
            SeeInof.get(i).click();
            sleep(2);
            removeHandles(driver);
            taocan = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"Content\"]/header/section/div/div[1]/h1")).getText();
            System.out.println("套餐名称和机构是:" + taocan);
        }
    }
    public static boolean isElementExist(WebDriver driver, By by) {
        try {
            driver.findElement(by);
            return true;
        } catch(NoSuchElementException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 移除窗口
     */
    public static void removeHandles(WebDriver driver){
        //获取win窗口
        try {
            String [] handles = new String[driver.getWindowHandles().size()];
            driver.getWindowHandles().toArray(handles);
            for(int i = 0; i<handles.length;i++)
            {
            }
            //here
            driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
            sleep(2);
            WebDriver handle2 = driver.switchTo().window(handles[0]);
//       log.info(handle2.getTitle());
            sleep(2);
            handle2.close();
            sleep(2);
            //切换到新窗口
            driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
            sleep(2);
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            System.out.println("浏览器切换窗口异常" + e);
        }
    }
    public static  void sleep(double d) {
        try {
            d *= 1000;
            Thread.sleep((int)d);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
示例四：

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.List;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

public class Demo4 {
    String getText;
    String getPackagename;
    public static String picturePath = "D:\\file.png"; //设置截屏文件所在的路径、和图片的格式:图片保存在C盘下，格式是png
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //将浏览器的驱动程序位置设定为系统属性值:webdriver.chrome.driver
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",  "D://Java//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://xxxxx.xxxxxx.com/beijing/hafuh6/?source=127");
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        sleep(2);
        Demo4 a=new Demo4();
        a.fenqilist(driver);
        a.fenqidetails(driver);
        //driver.quit();
    }
    public void fenqilist(WebDriver driver)
    {
        //判断资质弹层是否存在
        if(isElementExist(driver, By.xpath(".//*[@class='pop-up-layer' and @style='display: block;']"))==true)
        {
            WebElement confirm = driver.findElement(By.className("confirm-btn"));
            confirm.click();
        }
        sleep(2);
        if(isElementExist(driver, By.xpath("//*[@id=\"list\"]/aside[1]/div[1]/div[2]/aside[1]/a/img")) ==true ){
            System.out.println("车图元素存在！");
        }else{
            System.out.println("车图元素未找到，失败图片：" + picturePath);
            screenShot(picturePath,driver);//调用失败截图功能；
        }
        //用JS方法将滚动条定位到xx元素,其中auguments[0]就代表element
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",driver.findElement(By.className("sort-order")));
        WebElement productlist = driver.findElement(By.id("FirstPageProductList1"));
        List<WebElement> products = productlist.findElements(By.className("list-header-ctr"));
        //getText = products.get(0).findElements(By.className("company-name")).get(0).getText();
        getText="123";
        System.out.println("第一个套餐的名称是:" + getText);
        sleep(2);
        List<WebElement> SeeInof = productlist.findElements(By.className("col-black"));
        SeeInof.get(0).click();
        sleep(2);
        removeHandles(driver);
    }
    public void fenqidetails(WebDriver driver)
    {
        //getPackagename = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"Content\"]/header/section/div/div[1]/h1")).getText();
        getPackagename="123";
        System.out.println("套餐名称是:" + getPackagename);
        try{
            //assert getPackagename.contains(getText);
            assert getPackagename==getText;
            System.out.println("Test Pass");
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //判断元素是否存在
    public static boolean isElementExist(WebDriver driver, By by) {
        try {
            driver.findElement(by);
            return true;
        } catch(NoSuchElementException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    //    public static void removeHandles(WebDriver driver){
//        //获取win窗口
//        try {
//            String [] handles = new String[driver.getWindowHandles().size()];//定义一个空数组，数组大小是打开窗口的数量
//            driver.getWindowHandles().toArray(handles);//将获取到的句柄集合转换为数组
//            //here
//            //driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
//            sleep(2);
//            //切换到旧窗口
//            WebDriver handle2 = driver.switchTo().window(handles[0]);
//            sleep(2);
//            //关闭旧窗口
//            handle2.close();
//            sleep(2);
//            //切换到新窗口
//            driver.switchTo().window(handles[1]);
//            sleep(2);
//        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
//            // TODO: handle exception
//            System.out.println("浏览器切换窗口异常" + e);
//        }
//    }
    public static void removeHandles(WebDriver driver){
        //获取当前页面句柄
        String handle = driver.getWindowHandle();
        // 获取所有页面的句柄，并循环判断不是当前的句柄
        for (String handles : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
            if (handles.equals(handle))
                continue;
            driver.switchTo().window(handles);
        }
    }
    public static void screenShot(String path,WebDriver driver){
        //将当前窗口截屏，获得一个File的图片文件对象；
        File screenFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
        //将图片文件对象，保存到指定的路径path里,例如D盘的某个文件夹下。
        try {
            File file = new File(path);   //在指定路径中，创建一个空白的图片文件
            FileUtils.copyFile(screenFile,file);//将窗口截屏文件，保存到刚刚创建的空白文件里
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static  void sleep(double d) {
        try {
            d *= 1000;
            Thread.sleep((int)d);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
16、经验教训
大小写
包不全
元素定位
语句位置

ctrl+alt+L格式化代码
ctrl+alt+O优化导入