9.Android-读写SD卡案例

1.效果如下所示:

2.读写SD卡时,需要给APP添加读写外部存储设备权限,修改AndroidManifest.xml,添加:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

如下图所示:

3.读写SD卡需要用到的Environment类

Environment类是一个提供访问环境变量的类.

Environment类常用的方法有:

static File getRootDirectory();  //获取根目录,默认位于:/system
static File getDataDirectory();  //获取data目录,默认位于:/data
static File getDownloadCacheDirectory();  //获取下载文件的缓存目录,默认位于:/cache

static String getExternalStorageState();    
//获取sd卡外部的状态,返回的内容可以判断sd卡是否被挂载.比如: 
//判断if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))、除了MEDIA_MOUNTED("mounted")外,
//还可以通过MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY("mounted_ro")来判断是否是只读挂载。

static File getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String type);         //获取sd卡指定的type标准目录
//type可以填入:
//DIRECTORY_ALARMS 系统提醒铃声存放的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_DCIM 相机拍摄照片和视频的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS 下载的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_MOVIES 电影存放的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_MUSIC 音乐存放的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS 系统通知铃声存放的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_PICTURES 图片存放的标准目录
//DIRECTORY_PODCASTS 系统广播存放的标准目录。
//DIRECTORY_RINGTONES 系统铃声存放的标准目录。

static File getExternalStorageDirectory();  //获取sd卡的路径

示例如下:

        Log.d("MainActivity", Environment.getExternalStorageState());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "getRootDirectory:  "+Environment.getRootDirectory().getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "getDataDirectory:  "+Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "getDownloadCacheDirectory:  "+Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "getExternalStorageDirectory:  "+Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "DIRECTORY_ALARMS:  "+Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS).getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "DIRECTORY_DCIM:  "+Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath().toString());

        Log.d("MainActivity", "DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS: "+Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getAbsolutePath().toString());

打印:

4.写activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text_label"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="SD卡读写内容:" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/text_label"
        android:minLines="5" />

   <Button
       android:id="@+id/btn_read"
       android:layout_below="@id/et_content"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:text="读取内容"  />

    <Button
       android:id="@+id/btn_write"
       android:layout_below="@id/et_content"
       android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:text="写入内容"
       />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text_sdSize"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="SD卡剩余:1KB 总:100KB" />

</RelativeLayout>

5.写Utils类(用于读写SD卡下的info.txt)

package com.example.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.text.format.Formatter;
import android.util.Log;

public class Utils {
    //获取SD卡下的info.txt内容
    static public String getSDCardInfo(){

        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
            return null;

        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/info.txt");  //打开要读的文件

        if(!file.exists())        //文件不存在的情况下
        {
            Log.v("sdcard", "file is Empty");
            return "";
        }
        try {
            FileInputStream  fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            String line = null;

            while((line=br.readLine())!=null)        //获取每一行数据源
            {
                sb.append(line+"\r\n");
            }

            return sb.toString();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

            return null;
        }
    }

    //将content写入SD卡下的info.txt
    static public boolean writeSDCardInfo(String content){

        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
            return false;

        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/info.txt");    

        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
            fos.write(content.getBytes());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
            return true;

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
}

6.写MainActivity类

package com.example.sdreadWrite;
import java.io.File;
import com.example.utils.Utils;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.text.format.Formatter;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private TextView text_sdSize;
    private EditText et_content;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        et_content = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.et_content);
        text_sdSize = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text_sdSize);

        //获取SD卡容量
        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){

            text_sdSize.setText("未挂载SD卡,获取SD卡容量失败");

        }else{

            File externalStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();

            long totalSpace = externalStorageDirectory.getTotalSpace();
            long freeSpace = externalStorageDirectory.getFreeSpace();

            String totalSize = Formatter.formatFileSize(MainActivity.this, totalSpace);

            String freeSize = Formatter.formatFileSize(MainActivity.this, freeSpace);

            text_sdSize.setText("SD卡剩余:"+ freeSize+"  总:"+totalSize);
        }

        Button btn_read = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_read);
        //读取SD卡事件
        btn_read.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                String content = Utils.getSDCardInfo();

                if(content==null){

                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"读取失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                }else{
                    et_content.setText(content);
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"读取成功",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });

        Button btn_write = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_write);
        //写入sd卡事件
        btn_write.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                if(Utils.writeSDCardInfo(et_content.getText().toString())){

                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"写入成功",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                }else{

                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"写入失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }
}