e.printStackTrace() 原理的分析

e.printStackTrace();

先查看下源码

如图片中1所示，使用的是  PrintStreamOrWriter

  public void printStackTrace() {
        printStackTrace(System.err);
    }

    /**
     * Prints this throwable and its backtrace to the specified print stream.
     *
     * @param s {@code PrintStream} to use for output
     */
    public void printStackTrace(PrintStream s) {
        printStackTrace(new WrappedPrintStream(s));
    }

    private void printStackTrace(PrintStreamOrWriter s) {
        // Guard against malicious overrides of Throwable.equals by
        // using a Set with identity equality semantics.
        Set<Throwable> dejaVu =
            Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<Throwable, Boolean>());
        dejaVu.add(this);

        synchronized (s.lock()) {
            // Print our stack trace
            s.println(this);
            StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace();
            for (StackTraceElement traceElement : trace)
                s.println("\tat " + traceElement);

            // Print suppressed exceptions, if any
            for (Throwable se : getSuppressed())
                se.printEnclosedStackTrace(s, trace, SUPPRESSED_CAPTION, "\t", dejaVu);

            // Print cause, if any
            Throwable ourCause = getCause();
            if (ourCause != null)
                ourCause.printEnclosedStackTrace(s, trace, CAUSE_CAPTION, "", dejaVu);
        }
    }

 ，而这来源于 PrintStream，而 PrintStream 又继承 FilterOutputStream ，是文件输出流，会肯定会影响内存的变动

ublic class PrintStream extends FilterOutputStream
    implements Appendable, Closeable
{

    private final boolean autoFlush;
    private boolean trouble = false;
    private Formatter formatter;

    /**
     * Track both the text- and character-output streams, so that their buffers
     * can be flushed without flushing the entire stream.
     */
    private BufferedWriter textOut;
    private OutputStreamWriter charOut;

    /**
     * requireNonNull is explicitly declared here so as not to create an extra
     * dependency on java.util.Objects.requireNonNull. PrintStream is loaded
     * early during system initialization.
     */
    private static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj, String message) {
        if (obj == null)
            throw new NullPointerException(message);
        return obj;
    }
}

而图片中二所示的lock锁，锁住这个流对象，就是占用住了内存不让进行gc回收，先输出打印，

跟踪s.println(this)  也就是PrintStream的方法，发现是会使用bufferedwriter和outputstream

/**
 * Prints an Object and then terminate the line.  This method calls
 * at first String.valueOf(x) to get the printed object's string value,
 * then behaves as
 * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(String)}</code> and then
 * <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
 *
 * @param x  The <code>Object</code> to be printed.
 */
public void println(Object x) {
    String s = String.valueOf(x);
    synchronized (this) {
        print(s);
        newLine();
    }
}

/**
 * Prints a string.  If the argument is <code>null</code> then the string
 * <code>"null"</code> is printed.  Otherwise, the string's characters are
 * converted into bytes according to the platform's default character
 * encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
 * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method.
 *
 * @param      s   The <code>String</code> to be printed
 */
public void print(String s) {
    if (s == null) {
        s = "null";
    }
    write(s);
}

private void write(String s) {
    try {
        synchronized (this) {
            ensureOpen();
            textOut.write(s);
            textOut.flushBuffer();
            charOut.flushBuffer();
            if (autoFlush && (s.indexOf('\n') >= 0))
                out.flush();
        }
    }
    catch (InterruptedIOException x) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
    catch (IOException x) {
        trouble = true;
    }
}

后又获取 StackTraceElement ，也就是获取方法调用者的具体信息 的。 循环打印

然后又获取Throwable报错的堆栈跟踪异常数据 的数组， 循环打印。

特意说下，在 printEnclosedStackTrace的方法中使用

assert Thread.holdsLock(s.lock());
这个是断言，判断当前线程是是否获得当前流的锁，判断是否成功。
专业一点的词叫：为了确保该代码所在的线程正持有所在类的对象作为锁。

意思执行的过程中，这个流对象只能被当前流锁占用不能被切换到其它线程。如果报错多的话，那么这些线程都会在统计这些报错信息，而不能去执行其它东西了

来源

java中e.printStackTrace()不要使用，请使用logger记录

Thread.holdsLock(Object)方法、assert断言、宏