转:Java NIO(2)
java.nio包是Java在1.4之后增加的,用来提高I/O操作的效率。在nio包中主要包括以下几个类或接口:
* Buffer:缓冲区,用来临时存放输入或输出数据。
* Charset:用来把Unicode字符编码和其它字符编码互转。
* Channel:数据传输通道,用来把Buffer中的数据写入到数据源,或者把数据源中的数据读入到Buffer。
* Selector:用来支持异步I/O操作,也叫非阻塞I/O操作。
nio包中主要通过下面两个方面来提高I/O操作效率:
* 通过Buffer和Channel来提高I/O操作的速度。
* 通过Selector来支持非阻塞I/O操作。
下面来看一下程序中是怎么通过这些类库实现Socket功能。
首先介绍一下几个辅助类
辅助类SerializableUtil,这个类用来把java对象序列化成字节数组,或者把字节数组反序列化成java对象。
- package com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket;
- import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- public class SerializableUtil {
- public static byte[] toBytes(Object object) {
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
- try {
- oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
- oos.writeObject(object);
- byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
- return bytes;
- } catch(IOException ex) {
- throw new RuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
- } finally {
- try {
- oos.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- }
- }
- public static Object toObject(byte[] bytes) {
- ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
- ObjectInputStream ois = null;
- try {
- ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
- Object object = ois.readObject();
- return object;
- } catch(IOException ex) {
- throw new RuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
- } catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
- throw new RuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
- } finally {
- try {
- ois.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- }
- }
- }
辅助类MyRequestObject和MyResponseObject,这两个类是普通的java对象,实现了Serializable接口。MyRequestObject类是Client发出的请求,MyResponseObject是Server端作出的响应。
- package com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- public class MyRequestObject implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private String name;
- private String value;
- private byte[] bytes;
- public MyRequestObject(String name, String value) {
- this.name = name;
- this.value = value;
- this.bytes = new byte[1024];
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getValue() {
- return value;
- }
- public void setValue(String value) {
- this.value = value;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- sb.append("Request [name: " + name + ", value: " + value + ", bytes: " + bytes.length+ "]");
- return sb.toString();
- }
- }
- package com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- public class MyResponseObject implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private String name;
- private String value;
- private byte[] bytes;
- public MyResponseObject(String name, String value) {
- this.name = name;
- this.value = value;
- this.bytes = new byte[1024];
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getValue() {
- return value;
- }
- public void setValue(String value) {
- this.value = value;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- sb.append("Response [name: " + name + ", value: " + value + ", bytes: " + bytes.length+ "]");
- return sb.toString();
- }
- }
下面主要看一下Server端的代码,其中有一些英文注释对理解代码很有帮助,注释主要是来源jdk的文档和例子,这里就没有再翻译
- package com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
- import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
- import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
- import java.nio.channels.Selector;
- import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.logging.Level;
- import java.util.logging.Logger;
- import com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.SerializableUtil;
- public class MyServer3 {
- private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServer3.class.getName());
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Selector selector = null;
- ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
- try {
- // Selector for incoming time requests
- selector = Selector.open();
- // Create a new server socket and set to non blocking mode
- serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
- serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
- // Bind the server socket to the local host and port
- serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
- serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(10000));
- // Register accepts on the server socket with the selector. This
- // step tells the selector that the socket wants to be put on the
- // ready list when accept operations occur, so allowing multiplexed
- // non-blocking I/O to take place.
- serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
- // Here's where everything happens. The select method will
- // return when any operations registered above have occurred, the
- // thread has been interrupted, etc.
- while (selector.select() > 0) {
- // Someone is ready for I/O, get the ready keys
- Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
- // Walk through the ready keys collection and process date requests.
- while (it.hasNext()) {
- SelectionKey readyKey = it.next();
- it.remove();
- // The key indexes into the selector so you
- // can retrieve the socket that's ready for I/O
- execute((ServerSocketChannel) readyKey.channel());
- }
- }
- } catch (ClosedChannelException ex) {
- logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
- } catch (IOException ex) {
- logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
- } finally {
- try {
- selector.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- try {
- serverSocketChannel.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- }
- }
- private static void execute(ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel) throws IOException {
- SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
- try {
- socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
- MyRequestObject myRequestObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
- logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
- MyResponseObject myResponseObject = new MyResponseObject(
- "response for " + myRequestObject.getName(),
- "response for " + myRequestObject.getValue());
- sendData(socketChannel, myResponseObject);
- logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
- } finally {
- try {
- socketChannel.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- }
- }
- private static MyRequestObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
- MyRequestObject myRequestObject = null;
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
- try {
- byte[] bytes;
- int size = 0;
- while ((size = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
- buffer.flip();
- bytes = new byte[size];
- buffer.get(bytes);
- baos.write(bytes);
- buffer.clear();
- }
- bytes = baos.toByteArray();
- Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
- myRequestObject = (MyRequestObject)obj;
- } finally {
- try {
- baos.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- }
- return myRequestObject;
- }
- private static void sendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyResponseObject myResponseObject) throws IOException {
- byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myResponseObject);
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
- socketChannel.write(buffer);
- }
- }
下面是Client的代码,代码比较简单就是启动了100个线程来访问Server
- package com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.net.SocketAddress;
- import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import java.util.logging.Level;
- import java.util.logging.Logger;
- import com.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.SerializableUtil;
- public class MyClient3 {
- private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyClient3.class.getName());
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- final int idx = i;
- new Thread(new MyRunnable(idx)).start();
- }
- }
- private static final class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
- private final int idx;
- private MyRunnable(int idx) {
- this.idx = idx;
- }
- public void run() {
- SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
- try {
- socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
- SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 10000);
- socketChannel.connect(socketAddress);
- MyRequestObject myRequestObject = new MyRequestObject("request_" + idx, "request_" + idx);
- logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
- sendData(socketChannel, myRequestObject);
- MyResponseObject myResponseObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
- logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
- } finally {
- try {
- socketChannel.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- }
- }
- private void sendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyRequestObject myRequestObject) throws IOException {
- byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myRequestObject);
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
- socketChannel.write(buffer);
- socketChannel.socket().shutdownOutput();
- }
- private MyResponseObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
- MyResponseObject myResponseObject = null;
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- try {
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
- byte[] bytes;
- int count = 0;
- while ((count = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
- buffer.flip();
- bytes = new byte[count];
- buffer.get(bytes);
- baos.write(bytes);
- buffer.clear();
- }
- bytes = baos.toByteArray();
- Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
- myResponseObject = (MyResponseObject) obj;
- socketChannel.socket().shutdownInput();
- } finally {
- try {
- baos.close();
- } catch(Exception ex) {}
- }
- return myResponseObject;
- }
- }
- }
最后测试上面的代码,首先运行Server类,然后运行Client类,就可以分别在Server端和Client端控制台看到发送或接收到的MyRequestObject或MyResponseObject对象了。
转:Java NIO(2)的更多相关文章
- 源码分析netty服务器创建过程vs java nio服务器创建
1.Java NIO服务端创建 首先,我们通过一个时序图来看下如何创建一个NIO服务端并启动监听,接收多个客户端的连接,进行消息的异步读写. 示例代码(参考文献[2]): import java.io ...
- 支撑Java NIO 与 NodeJS的底层技术
支撑Java NIO 与 NodeJS的底层技术 众所周知在近几个版本的Java中增加了一些对Java NIO.NIO2的支持,与此同时NodeJS技术栈中最为人称道的优势之一就是其高性能IO,那么我 ...
- JAVA NIO学习笔记1 - 架构简介
最近项目中遇到不少NIO相关知识,之前对这块接触得较少,算是我的一个盲区,打算花点时间学习,简单做一点个人学习总结. 简介 NIO(New IO)是JDK1.4以后推出的全新IO API,相比传统IO ...
- Java NIO概述
Java NIO 由以下几个核心部分组成: Channels Buffers Selectors 虽然 Java NIO 中除此之外还有很多类和组件,但在我看来,Channel,Buffer 和 Se ...
- JAVA NIO Socket通道
DatagramChannel和SocketChannel都实现定义读写功能,ServerSocketChannel不实现,只负责监听传入的连接,并建立新的SocketChannel,本身不传输数 ...
- JAVA NIO FileChannel 内存映射文件
文件通道总是阻塞式的. 文件通道不能创建,只能通过(RandomAccessFile.FileInputStream.FileOutputStream)getChannel()获得,具有与File ...
- java nio系列文章
java nio系列教程 基于NIO的Client/Server程序实践 (推荐) java nio与并发编程相关电子书籍 (访问密码 48dd) 理解NIO nio学习记录 图解ByteBuff ...
- Java NIO (转)
Java NIO提供了与标准IO不同的IO工作方式: Channels and Buffers(通道和缓冲区):标准的IO基于字节流和字符流进行操作的,而NIO是基于通道(Channel)和缓冲区(B ...
- Java NIO使用及原理分析(1-4)(转)
转载的原文章也找不到!从以下博客中找到http://blog.csdn.net/wuxianglong/article/details/6604817 转载自:李会军•宁静致远 最近由于工作关系要做一 ...
- Java - NIO
java.nio:NIO-2: NIO 面向流的IO体系一次只能处理一个或多个字节/字符,直至读取所有字节/符,且流中的数据不能前后移动.效率低,当数据源中没有数据时会阻塞线程.Java-4提供的新A ...
随机推荐
- 【word】html转doc的小研究
html转doc,页眉页脚丢失 html 转 doc,是全屏铺满(缩放级别很高)
- shell+vim——05
ln --->link 链接, 链接有两种: 软连接 ln -s 源文件 目标文件 :相当于创建了一个快捷方式,源文件损坏后这个链接也就失效了 ln -s a.text a.text.s ...
- 用python实现【五猴分桃】问题
转载链接:https://blog.csdn.net/cy309173854/article/details/78296839 据说“五猴分桃”问题最先是由大物理学家狄拉克提出来的,这一貌似简单的问题 ...
- JQ实现下拉加载更多
var x=0; var isloading=0; function getUsersLimited(data) { list = list.concat(data); buildList(list) ...
- 基于原版Hadoop的YDB部署(转)
YDB依赖环境准备 一.硬件环境 硬件如何搭配,能做到比较高的性价比,不存在短板.合理的硬件搭配,对系统的稳定性也很关键. 1.CPU不是核数越高越好,性价比才是关键. 经常遇到很多的企业级客户,他们 ...
- 使用.gitignore忽视项目中的文件/文件夹
在项目开发的过程中,我们经常需要IDE来提高编程效率.然而,不同的IDE会生成各种各样的临时文件.在项目生命周期中,我们往往不需要关注这类文件的变更记录,因而我们是不需要将它们加入到源代码管理器中. ...
- Python 外部函数调用库ctypes简介
Table of Contents 1. 参考资料 2. ctypes简介 2.1. 数据类型 2.2. 调用.so/.dll 2.2.1. 加载动态链接库 2.2.2. 调用加载的函数 2.2.3. ...
- Android学习笔记(一)之仿正点闹钟时间齿轮滑动的效果
看到正点闹钟上的设置时间的滑动效果非常好看,自己就想做一个那样的,在网上就开始搜资料了,看到网上有的齿轮效果的代码非常多,也非常难懂,我就决定自己研究一下,现在我就把我的研究成果分享给大家.我研究的这 ...
- Android (shape,gradient)使用总结
设置背景色可以通过在res/drawable里定义一个xml,如下: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> ...
- Pascal游戏 大富翁MUD
大富翁MUD Pascal源码 Chaobs改编自百度网友作品 此源码非Chaobs原创,但转载时请仍注明出处. 估计90后以后就没有孩子知道MUD了. program wxtw; uses crt; ...