sqlplus使用（一）

一，sqlplus 环境变量

sqlplus的环境变量（来自SQL*Plus® User's Guide and Reference Release 11.2）

Parameter or Variable	Description
LD_LIBRARY_PATH	Environment variable to specify the path used to search for libraries on UNIX and Linux. The environment variable may have a different name on some operating systems, such as DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH on Apple Mac OS, LIBPATH on IBM/AIX-5L, and SHLIB_PATH on HP-UX. Not applicable to Windows operating systems. Example $ORACLE_HOME/lib
LOCAL	Windows environment variable to specify a connection string. Performs the same function as TWO_TASK on UNIX.Windows平台下的环境变量。类似于Unix中的TWO_TASK
NLS_LANG	Environment variable to specify globalization behavior. Example american_america.utf8
ORACLE_HOME	Environment variable to specify where SQLPlus is installed. It is also used by SQLPlus to specify where message files are located. Examples: d:\oracle\10g /u01/app/oracle/product/v10g
ORA_EDITION 指定版本	Environment variable to specify the database edition to use. If you specify the edition with the CONNECT or SQLPLUS command option, edition=value, it is used instead of ORA_EDITION. If no edition is specified in either the CONNECT or SQLPLUS command option, or in ORA_EDITION, SQL*Plus connects to the default edition.
ORA_NLS10	Environment variable to specify the locations of the NLS data and the user boot file in SQLPlus 10.2. The default location is $ORACLE_HOME/nls/data*. In a system with both Oracle9i and 10g, or a system under version upgrade, you should set ORA_NLS10 for Oracle 10g and set ORA_NLS33 for 9i. The default NLS location in 9i was $ORACLE_HOME/common/nls/admin/data.
ORACLE_PATH 在sqlplus执行@sql时也从这个目录中找和下面的SQLPATH类似，SQLPATH多一个登陆加载的功能	Environment variable to specify the location of SQL scripts. If SQL*Plus cannot find the file in ORACLE_PATH, or if ORACLE_PATH is not set, it searches for the file in the current working directory. Not applicable to Windows 指定执行sql脚本的目录，如果不指定默认为当前工作目录
ORACLE_SID	Environment variable to specify the database instance, optional
PATH	Environment variable to specify the path to search for executables, and DLLs in Windows. Typically includes ORACLE_HOME/bin
SQLPATH 设置在sqlplus启动是加载login.sql文件的位置，如表格后面在sqlplus执行@sql时也从这个目录中找	Environment variable or Windows registry entry to specify the location of SQL scripts. SQL*Plus searches for SQL scripts, including login.sql, in the current directory and then in the directories specified by SQLPATH, and in the subdirectories of SQLPATH directories. SQLPATH is a colon separated list of directories. There is no default value set in UNIX installations. In Windows, SQLPATH is defined in a registry entry during installation. For more information about the SQLPATH registry entry, see SQLPATH Registry Entry.
TNS_ADMIN 指定tnsnames.ora的路径，如果不指定默认使用$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin	Environment variable to specify the location of the tnsnames.ora file. If not specified, $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin is used Example h:\network /var/opt/oracle
TWO_TASK	UNIX environment variable to specify a connection string. Connections that do not specify a database will connect to the database specified in TWO_TASK. 指定默认连接的数据库，后面没有加相应的字符串的话，就去连接TWO_TASK指定的字符串 Example TWO_TASK=MYDB export TWO_TASK sqlplus hr is the same as: sqlplus hr@MYDB 取消环境变量 export TWO_TASK=''

SQLPATH变量；

设置SQLPATH变量路径找到用户概要文件login.sql

export SQLPATH=/dsg/sql

vi login.sql

set long 80
set newpage 0
set feedback on
set define on
set serveroutput on
set termout on
set time off
set timing on
set verify on
set linesize 80
set pagesize 30
set sqlprompt "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER _DATE>"
alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';

当启动sqlplus的时候会自动加载SQLPATH目录下的login.sql文件

二，保存环境变量

STORE SET file_name

START file_name

或者@file_name

三，安装sqlplus帮助

Running the hlpbld.sql Script to Install Command-line Help

Run the provided SQL script, HLPBLD.SQL, to load command-line help.

Log in to SQL*Plus as the SYSTEM user with:
```
SQLPLUS SYSTEM
```
You are prompted to enter the password you have defined for the SYSTEM user.
In UNIX run the SQL script, HLPBLD.SQL, from SQL*Plus with:
```
@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/help/helpus.sql  unix小写
```
In Windows run the SQL script, HLPBLD.SQL, from SQL*Plus with:
```
@ORACLE_HOME\SQLPLUS\ADMIN\HELP\HLPBLD.SQL HELPUS.SQL
```
The HLPBLD.SQL script creates and loads the help tables.

Running the helpdrop.sql Script to Remove Command-line Help

Run the provided SQL script, HELPDROP.SQL, to remove the command-line help.

Log in to SQL*Plus as the SYSTEM user with:
```
SQLPLUS SYSTEM
```
You are prompted to enter the password you have defined for the SYSTEM user.
In UNIX run the SQL script, HELPDROP.SQL, from SQL*Plus with:
```
@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/help/helpdrop.sql
```
In Windows run the SQL script, HELPDROP.SQL, from SQL*Plus with:
```
@ORACLE_HOME\SQLPLUS\ADMIN\HELP\HELPDROP.SQL
```
The HELPDROP.SQL script drops the help tables, and then disconnects.

脚本说明：

HLPBLD.SQL -删除并创建新的帮助表
HELPDROP.SQL - 删除存在的帮助表
HELPUS.SQL -向帮助表中插入数据