Groovy 转换JSON和生产JSON

Groovy 类和JSON之间的相互转换，主要在groovy.json包下面

1. JsonSlurper

JsonSlurper 这个类用于转换JSON文本或从Groovy 数据结构中读取内容例如map、list和一些基本的数据类型如Integer, Double, Boolean和String.

这个类有一系列重载的Parse的方法和一些指定特殊的方法,例如parseText，parseFile..
下一个离职我们将以parseText使用为例，将JSON 字符串转换为list 和map对象。其他parse开头的方法与之类似只是参数不同而已，

import groovy.json.JsonSlurper

class ParseJson_01 {

static
main(args) {

def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()

def object = jsonSlurper.parseText('{ "name": "John Doe" } ')

assert object instanceof Map

assert object.name == 'John Doe'

}

}

JsonSlurper除了maps支持，JSON 数据转被换成lists。

import groovy.json.JsonSlurper

class ParseJson_02 {

static
main(args) {

def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()

def object = jsonSlurper.parseText('{ "myList": [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] }')

assert object instanceof Map

assert object.myList instanceof List

assert object.myList == [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

}

}

JSON支持一下的的标准的原始数据类型：string 、number、object、true、false和null. JsonSlurper把这些解析成相应的Groovy类型.

def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper()

def object = jsonSlurper.parseText '''

{ "simple": 123,

"fraction": 123.66,

"exponential": 123e12

}'''

assert object instanceof Map

assert object.simple.class == Integer

         assert object.fraction.class == BigDecimal
				

As JsonSlurper is returning pure Groovy object instances without any special JSON classes in the back, its usage is transparent. In fact, JsonSlurper results conform to GPath expressions. GPath is a powerful expression language that is supported by multiple slurpers for different data formats (XmlSlurper for XML being one example).

For more details please have a look at the section on GPath expressions.

Json

和groovy 对应的数据类型

JSON	Groovy
string	java.lang.String
number	java.lang.BigDecimal or java.lang.Integer
object	java.util.LinkedHashMap
array	java.util.ArrayList
true	true
false	false
null	null
date	java.util.Date based on the yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ date format

Whenever a value in JSON is null, JsonSlurper supplements it with the Groovy null value. This is in contrast to other JSON parsers that represent a null value with a library-provided singleton object.

1.1. Parser Variants

JsonSlurper comes with a couple of parser implementations. Each parser fits different requirements, it could well be that for certain scenarios the JsonSlurper default parser is not the best bet for all situations. Here is an overview of the shipped parser implementations:

• The JsonParserCharArray parser basically takes a JSON string and operates on the underlying character array. During value conversion it copies character sub-arrays (a mechanism known as "chopping") and operates on them.

• The JsonFastParser is a special variant of the JsonParserCharArray and is the fastest parser. However, it is not the default parser for a reason. JsonFastParser is a so-called index-overlay parser. During parsing of the given JSON String it tries as hard as possible to avoid creating new char arrays or String instances. It keeps pointers to the underlying original character array only. In addition, it defers object creation as late as possible. If parsed maps are put into long-term caches care must be taken as the map objects might not be created and still consist of pointer to the original char buffer only. However, JsonFastParser comes with a special chop mode which dices up the char buffer early to keep a small copy of the original buffer. Recommendation is to use the JsonFastParser for JSON buffers under 2MB and keeping the long-term cache restriction in mind.
• The JsonParserLax is a special variant of the JsonParserCharArray parser. It has similar performance characteristics as JsonFastParser but differs in that it isn't exclusively relying on the ECMA-404 JSON grammar. For example it allows for comments, no quote strings etc.
• The JsonParserUsingCharacterSource is a special parser for very large files. It uses a technique called "character windowing" to parse large JSON files (large means files over 2MB size in this case) with constant performance characteristics.

The default parser implementation for JsonSlurper is JsonParserCharArray. The JsonParserType enumeration contains constants for the parser implementations described above:

Implementation	Constant
JsonParserCharArray	JsonParserType#CHAR_BUFFER
JsonFastParser	JsonParserType#INDEX_OVERLAY
JsonParserLax	JsonParserType#LAX
JsonParserUsingCharacterSource	JsonParserType#CHARACTER_SOURCE

Changing the parser implementation is as easy as setting the JsonParserType with a call to JsonSlurper#setType().

def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper(type: JsonParserType.INDEX_OVERLAY)

def object = jsonSlurper.parseText('{ "myList": [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] }')

assert object instanceof Map

assert object.myList instanceof List

assert object.myList == [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

2. JsonOutput

JsonOutput is responsible for serialising Groovy objects into JSON strings. It can be seen as companion object to JsonSlurper, being a JSON parser.

JsonOutput comes with overloaded, static toJson methods. Each toJson implementation takes a different parameter type. The static method can either be used directly or by importing the methods with a static import statement.

The result of a toJson call is a String containing the JSON code.

def json = JsonOutput.toJson([name: 'John Doe', age: 42])

assert json == '{"name":"John Doe","age":42}'

JsonOutput does not only support primitive, maps or list data types to be serialized to JSON, it goes further and even has support for serialising POGOs, that is, plain-old Groovy objects.

class Person { String name }

def json = JsonOutput.toJson([ new Person(name: 'John'), new Person(name: 'Max') ])

assert json == '[{"name":"John"},{"name":"Max"}]'

As we saw in previous examples, the JSON output is not pretty printed per default. However, the prettyPrint method in JsonSlurper comes to rescue for this task.

def json = JsonOutput.toJson([name: 'John Doe', age: 42])

assert json == '{"name":"John Doe","age":42}'

assert JsonOutput.prettyPrint(json) == '''\

{

    "name": "John Doe",

    "age": 42

}'''.stripIndent()

prettyPrint takes a String as single parameter. It must not be used in conjunction with the other JsonOutput methods, it can be applied on arbitrary JSON String instances.

Another way to create JSON from Groovy is to use the JsonBuilder or StreamingJsonBuilder. Both builders provide a DSL which allows to formulate an object graph which is then converted to JSON at some point.

For more details on builders, have a look at the builders chapter which covers both JSON builders in great depth.