python3 requests模块 基本操作

 import requests
 import json

 # 1、HTTP方法
 requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')    #GET请求
 requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')            #POST请求
 requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')              #PUT请求
 requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')        #DELETE请求
 requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')             #HEAD请求
 requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')          #OPTIONS请求

 # 2、Make a Request
 url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
 req = requests.get(url)
 print(req.text)

 # 3、response属性
 import requests
 response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'})    # GET参数实例
 print(response.url)
 print(response.text)          #返回的内容，字符串形式
 print(response.status_code)   #返回码
 print(response.content)       #返回的内容，二进制形式
 print(response.headers)
 print(response.headers['content-type'])
 print(response.headers.get('content-type'))
 print(response.encoding)
 print(response.json())
 response.raise_for_status()   #抛出异常 非200响应

 # 4、get带参数
 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
 r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
 print(r.url)
 print(r.text)

 # 5、数据流方式读取结果
 r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
 print(r.raw)  #不解码
 print(r.raw.read(10))
 with open('output.txt', 'wb') as fd:
     for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=128):   #解码
         fd.write(chunk)

 # 6、自定义头信息
 url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
 headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}  # 字符串，字节串，Unicode
 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

 # 7、post数据：字典
 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
 r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
 print(r.text)

 # 8、post数据：列表
 payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))
 r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
 print(r.text)

 # 9、post数据：字符串
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
 payload = {'some': 'data'}
 r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))
 print(r.text)

 # 10、post数据：字符串
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
 payload = {'some': 'data'}
 r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
 print(r.text)

 # 11、上传多部分编码的文件
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
 files = {'file': open('a.xls', 'rb')}
 r = requests.post(url, files=files)
 print(r.text)

 # 12、上传多部分编码的文件
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
 files = {'file': ('a.xls', open('a.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': ''})}
 r = requests.post(url, files=files)
 print(r.text)

 # 13、字符串当文件发
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
 files = {'file': ('report.csv', 'some,data,to,send\nanother,row,to,send\n')}
 r = requests.post(url, files=files)
 print(r.text)

 # 14、cookies
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
 cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
 r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
 print(r.text)

 # 15、cookies
 jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
 jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')
 jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')
 url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
 r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)
 print(r.text)

 # 16、timeout
 requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)