SpringCloud学习(二)---Eureka

Eureka

重点在使用,概念和源码基本不涉及

Eureka是一个基于REST(REST是HTTP协议的)的服务,主要在亚马逊网络服务(AWS)云中使用,定位服务来进行中间层服务器的均衡负载和故障转移.

Spring Cloud封装Eureka来实现服务注册和发现,Eureka采用了C-S的设计架构,Eureka Server作为服务注册功能的服务器,是服务注册中心,系统中的其他微服务都是Eureka Client,连接到Eureka Server,并维持心跳连接.这样就可以通过 Eureka Server 来监控系统中各个微服务是否正常运行。

Eureka由两个组件组成: Eureka Server和Eureka Client. Eureka Server用作服务注册服务器.Eureka Client就是Java客户端,分为两种,一种是Service Provider,一种是Service Consume,但是两者不是严格的概念区分,也就是说一个Service Consume也可以是Service Provider,看实际的场景.

也就是Eureka Server提供服务的注册和发现

Service Provider将自身服务注册到Eureka Server,并保持心跳续约等

Service Consumer从Eureka Server获取注册列表,进行服务消费,也就是通过远程调用与Service Provider进行通信.

搭建Eureka Server

创建项目,引入依赖

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

    <scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

启动类添加注解

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaServer

public class EurekaServerSmileApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerSmileApplication.class, args);

    }

}

配置文件

spring:

  application:

    name: spring-cloud-eureka-server

server:

  port: 8761

eureka:

  client:

    # 是否注册自己

    register-with-eureka: false

    # 是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息

    fetch-registry: false

    # 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址,多个地址使用逗号合开,也就是集群

    service-url:

      default-zone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/

启动项目,直接访问http://localhost:8761/就可以看到Eureka Server的主界面,这个时候No instances available.

集群的搭建(3个)

创建项目添加依赖(同上)

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

    <scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

启动类添加注解(同上)

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaServer

public class EurekaServerSmileJqApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerSmileJqApplication.class, args);

    }

}

配置文件,三个配置文件,第一个个application-master.properties:

server.port=8761

eureka.instance.hostname=master

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://slave1:8762/eureka/,http://slave2:8763/eureka/

spring.application.name=eureka-server

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true

eureka.client.fetch-registry=true

第二个application-slave1.properties

server.port=8762

eureka.instance.hostname=slave1

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://master:8761/eureka/,http://slave2:8763/eureka/

spring.application.name=eureka-server

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true

eureka.client.fetch-registry=true

application-slave2.properties

server.port=8763

eureka.instance.hostname=slave2

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://master:8761/eureka/,http://slave1:8762/eureka/

spring.application.name=eureka-server

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true

eureka.client.fetch-registry=true

之后找到本地的hosts文件,推荐使用everything软件,可以搜索全盘,找到hosts文件添加下面内容:

127.0.0.1 	master

127.0.0.1 	slave1

127.0.0.1 	slave2

进行打包,运行

mvn clean package

java -jar spring-cloud-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=master

java -jar spring-cloud-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=slave1

java -jar spring-cloud-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=slave2

启动完成后进行访问就可以看到效果,这次进行了注册.

服务注册与调用实战

这个就要说到上面的Eureka的三个角色,一个注册中心,一个服务提供者,一个服务消费者,也就是Eureka Server,Service Provider(案例中拼错了,写成producter了,谅解),Service Consumer.中间还还涉及到远程过程调用Feign,这里只需要看一下就好,后面再说这个.

创建Eureka Service项目,添加依赖,添加注解,修改配置文件如下展示

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>

</dependency>

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaServer

public class ServerSmileDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ServerSmileDemoApplication.class, args);

    }

}

server.port=8761

spring.application.name=eureka-server

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false

eureka.client.fetch-registry=false

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/

创建提供者,依次依赖,注解,配置文件,最后写个controller

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>

</dependency>

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableDiscoveryClient

public class ServiceProducterDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProducterDemoApplication.class, args);

    }

}

server.port=9000

spring.application.name=eureka-service-producter

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/

@RestController

public class HelloController {

    /** 看的博客上出现了Request method ‘POST’ not supported问题,因为没有添加@RequestParam注解,说是不添加那个注解就是post请求,就算是用GetMapping指定了还是POST请求,这个本人没有测试 */

    @GetMapping("hello")

    public String hello(@RequestParam String name){

        return "hello," + name + "1111111";

    }

}

创建消费者,添加依赖(这个需要添加feign的依赖),后面依次

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>

</dependency>

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableDiscoveryClient

@EnableFeignClients

public class ServiceConsumerDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerDemoApplication.class, args);

    }

}

server.port=9010

spring.application.name=eureka-service-consumer

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka

@RestController

public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired

    private HelloRemote helloRemote;

    @GetMapping("/hello/{name}")

    public String hello(@PathVariable("name") String name){

        return helloRemote.hello(name);

    }

}

上面按照顺序启动,先启动注册中心,然后启动提供者,最后启动消费者,访问的时候访问消费者的hello,就可以访问到提供者的hello了.

负载均衡

feign有负载均衡的作用(feign是基于Ribbon实现的,所以自带客户端负载均衡功能),在上面的基础之上,再次创建个提供者,与上面提供者不同的是端口号和controller稍微变下,具体代码如下:

 <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>

</dependency>

server.port=9001

spring.application.name=eureka-service-producter

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableDiscoveryClient

public class ServiceProducterDemo1Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProducterDemo1Application.class, args);

    }

}

@RestController

public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping("hello")

    public String hello(@RequestParam String name){

        return "hello," + name + "222222";

    }

}

之后同时启动四个项目,看注册中心就能看到EUREKA-SERVICE-PRODUCTER后有两个服务,之后访问http://localhost:9010/hello/wangzhi就可以看到hello,wangzhi1111111和hello,wangzhi222222交替出现,这个就是负载均衡了.

到这Eureka基本就结束了我没有看源码,这个说明下,还有人说Eureka闭源了,其实并不是,只是不继续开发2.X版本,1.X版本还在更新维护呢.而且现在阿里开源了Nacos,这个也是可以替代Eureka的,所以说替代方案还是有的.