Operating System-Thread(2) Multi-Process-Parallel vs Multi-Thread-Parallel
本文主要介绍线程的模型
一、Multi-Process-Parallel vs Multi-Thread-Parallel

多进程的并行:CPU在多个进程之间进行切换,系统给人一种多个进程在并行执行的假象。
多线程的并行:CPU在多个线程之间进行切换,系统给人一种多个线程在并行执行的假象。
进程是资源分配的基本单元,线程是CPU执行的基本单元。
二、进程和线程所独占的资源

前一篇文章已经说了,同一个进程的线程共享进程的资源,在进程中引入线程就是为了让多个执行(线程)共享资源,协调工作完成任务。
但是每个线程有属于自己独享的属性,如上图所示,最为重要的是栈。栈的示意图如下图所示。

线程的栈保存者已经调用但是还没有返回的程序(递归为什么会浪费资源,就是因为有大量的程序调用保存在运行线程的栈中)。栈用于保存执行历史。
假设程序A调用程序B,程序B调用程序C,C调用D,当D在执行时,栈中的数据应该是ABCD,当D执行完毕后,D会出栈,以此类推,A执行返回后栈的数据就会清空。
三、创建新线程
当一个进程启动后,进程至少包含一个线程,该线程可以通过系统调用创建新的线程,创建新线程只需要指定想让该线程执行的方法(Procedure),而无需指定该新线程的地址空间,因为新线程会自动在创建他的线程的地址空间下运行(也就是所属进程的地址空间)。
被创建的线程可以称之为子线程,但是线程之间的hierarchy也不是很重要。
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