【mongoDB高级篇①】聚集运算之group,aggregate

group

语法

db.collection.group({
    key:{field:1},//按什么字段进行分组

    initial:{count:0},//进行分组前变量初始化,该处声明的变量可以在以下回调函数中作为result的属性使用

    cond:{},//类似mysql中的having,分组后的查询返回

    reduce: function ( curr, result ) { }, //The function takes two arguments: the current document and an aggregation result document for that group.先迭代出分组,然后再迭代分组中的文档,即curr变量就代表当前分组中此刻迭代到的文档,result变量就代表当前分组。

   keyf：function(doc){},//keyf和key二选一,传入的参数doc代表当前文档,如果分组的字段是经过运算后的字段用到,作用类似mysql中的group by left('2015-09-12 14:05:22',10);

   finalize:function(result) {}//该result也就是reduce的result,都是代表当前分组,这个函数是在走完当前分组结束后回调;
})

除了分组的key字段外,就只返回有result参数的回调函数中的操作的属性字段;

实例

# 表结构如下
{
  _id: ObjectId("5085a95c8fada716c89d0021"),
  ord_dt: ISODate("2012-07-01T04:00:00Z"),
  ship_dt: ISODate("2012-07-02T04:00:00Z"),
  item: { sku: "abc123",
          price: 1.99,
          uom: "pcs",
          qty: 25 }
}

#Example1
SELECT ord_dt, item_sku
FROM orders
WHERE ord_dt > '01/01/2012'
GROUP BY ord_dt, item_sku
↓↓↓↓
db.orders.group(
   {
     key: { ord_dt: 1, 'item.sku': 1 },
     cond: { ord_dt: { $gt: new Date( '01/01/2012' ) } },
     reduce: function ( curr, result ) { },
     initial: { }
   }
)

#Example2
SELECT ord_dt, item_sku, SUM(item_qty) as total
FROM orders
WHERE ord_dt > '01/01/2012'
GROUP BY ord_dt, item_sku
↓↓↓↓
db.orders.group(
   {
     key: { ord_dt: 1, 'item.sku': 1 },
     cond: { ord_dt: { $gt: new Date( '01/01/2012' ) } },
     reduce: function( curr, result ) {
                 result.total += curr.item.qty;
             },
     initial: { total : 0 }
   }
)

#Example3
db.orders.group(
   {
     keyf: function(doc) {
               return { day_of_week: doc.ord_dt.getDay() };
           },
     cond: { ord_dt: { $gt: new Date( '01/01/2012' ) } },
    reduce: function( curr, result ) {
                result.total += curr.item.qty;
                result.count++;
            },
    initial: { total : 0, count: 0 },
    finalize: function(result) {
                  var weekdays = [
                       "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday",
                       "Wednesday", "Thursday",
                       "Friday", "Saturday"
                      ];
                  result.day_of_week = weekdays[result.day_of_week];
                  result.avg = Math.round(result.total / result.count);
              }
   }
)

[
  { "day_of_week" : "Sunday", "total" : 70, "count" : 4, "avg" : 18 },
  { "day_of_week" : "Friday", "total" : 110, "count" : 6, "avg" : 18 },
  { "day_of_week" : "Tuesday", "total" : 70, "count" : 3, "avg" : 23 }
]

工作中用到的实例

#查询每个栏目最贵的商品价格, max()操作
{
  key:{cat_id:1},
  cond:{},
  reduce:function(curr , result) {
      if(curr.shop_price > result.max) {
          result.max = curr.shop_price;
      }
  },
  initial:{max:0}
}

#查询每个栏目下商品的平均价格
{
  key:{cat_id:1},
  cond:{},
  reduce:function(curr , result) {
      result.cnt += 1;
      result.sum += curr.shop_price;
  },
  initial:{sum:0,cnt:0},
  finalize:function(result) {
      result.avg = result.sum/result.cnt; //在每次分组完毕后进行运算
  }
}

group其实略微有点鸡肋,因为既然用到了mongodb,那复制集和分片是避无可免的,而group是不支持分片的运算

Aggregation

聚合管道是一个基于数据处理管道概念的框架。通过使用一个多阶段的管道，将一组文档转换为最终的聚合结果。

语法

参考手册: http://docs.mongoing.com/manual-zh/core/aggregation-pipeline.html

db.collection.aggregate(pipeline, options);

pipeline Array

# 与mysql中的字段对比说明
$project # 返回哪些字段,select,说它像select其实是不太准确的,因为aggregate是一个阶段性管道操作符,$project是取出哪些数据进入下一个阶段管道操作,真正的最终数据返回还是在group等操作中;

$match # 放在group前相当于where使用,放在group后面相当于having使用

$sort # 排序1升-1降 sort一般放在group后,也就是说得到结果后再排序,如果先排序再分组没什么意义;

$limit # 相当于limit m,不能设置偏移量

$skip # 跳过第几个文档

$unwind # 把文档中的数组元素打开,并形成多个文档,参考Example1

$group: { _id: <expression>, <field1>: { <accumulator1> : <expression1> }, ...  # 按什么字段分组,注意所有字段名前面都要加$,否则mongodb就为以为不加$的是普通常量,其中accumulator又包括以下几个操作符
# $sum,$avg,$first,$last,$max,$min,$push,$addToSet
#如果group by null就是 count(*)的效果

$geoNear # 取某一点的最近或最远,在LBS地理位置中有用

$out # 把结果写进新的集合中。注意1,不能写进一个分片集合中。注意2,不能写进

实例

Example1: unwind

> db.test.insert({ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", sizes: [ "S", "M", "L"] });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.test.aggregate( [ { $unwind : "$sizes" } ] )
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "S" }
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "M" }
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "L" }

db.test.insert({ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC1", sizes: [ "S", "M", "L",["XXL",'XL']] });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.test.aggregate( [ { $unwind : "$sizes" } ] )
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "S" }
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "M" }
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "L" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "S" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "M" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : "L" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC1", "sizes" : [ "XXL", "XL" ] } # 只能打散一维数组

Example2

#数据源
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "abc", "price" : 10, "quantity" : 2, "date" : ISODate("2014-03-01T08:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "jkl", "price" : 20, "quantity" : 1, "date" : ISODate("2014-03-01T09:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "xyz", "price" : 5, "quantity" : 10, "date" : ISODate("2014-03-15T09:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "item" : "xyz", "price" : 5, "quantity" : 20, "date" : ISODate("2014-04-04T11:21:39.736Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "item" : "abc", "price" : 10, "quantity" : 10, "date" : ISODate("2014-04-04T21:23:13.331Z") }

# 综合示例
db.sales.aggregate([
  # 由上到下,分阶段的进行,注意该数组中的顺序是有意义的
  {
    $project:{item:1,price:1,quantity:1} # 1.取出什么元素待操作;
  },
  {
    $group:{ # 2. 对已取出的元素进行聚合运算;
      _id:"$item", # 根据什么来分组
      quantityCount:{$sum:'$quantity'},
      priceTotal:{$sum:'$price'}
    }
  },
  {
    $sort:{
      quantityCount:1 #3.升序
    }
  },

  # 4.基于上面的结果,取倒数第二名
  {
    $skip: 2
  },
  {
    $limit:1
  },

  # 5.然后把结果写到result集合中
  {
    $out:'result'
  }
])

#表达式$month,$dayOfMonth,$year,$sum,$avg
db.sales.aggregate(
   [
      {
        $group : {
           _id : { month: { $month: "$date" }, day: { $dayOfMonth: "$date" }, year: { $year: "$date" } }, #按月日年分组
           totalPrice: { $sum: { $multiply: [ "$price", "$quantity" ] } },
           averageQuantity: { $avg: "$quantity" },
           count: { $sum: 1 }
        }
      }
   ]
)

#结果
{ "_id" : { "month" : 3, "day" : 15, "year" : 2014 }, "totalPrice" : 50, "averageQuantity" : 10, "count" : 1 }
{ "_id" : { "month" : 4, "day" : 4, "year" : 2014 }, "totalPrice" : 200, "averageQuantity" : 15, "count" : 2 }
{ "_id" : { "month" : 3, "day" : 1, "year" : 2014 }, "totalPrice" : 40, "averageQuantity" : 1.5, "count" : 2 }

#
#
# 表达式$push
db.sales.aggregate(
   [
     {
       $group:
         {
           _id: { day: { $dayOfYear: "$date"}, year: { $year: "$date" } },
           itemsSold: { $push:  { item: "$item", quantity: "$quantity" } }
         }
     }
   ]
)

# result
{
   "_id" : { "day" : 46, "year" : 2014 },
   "itemsSold" : [
      { "item" : "abc", "quantity" : 10 },
      { "item" : "xyz", "quantity" : 10 },
      { "item" : "xyz", "quantity" : 5 },
      { "item" : "xyz", "quantity" : 10 }
   ]
}
{
   "_id" : { "day" : 34, "year" : 2014 },
   "itemsSold" : [
      { "item" : "jkl", "quantity" : 1 },
      { "item" : "xyz", "quantity" : 5 }
   ]
}
{
   "_id" : { "day" : 1, "year" : 2014 },
   "itemsSold" : [ { "item" : "abc", "quantity" : 2 } ]
}

#
#
# 表达式$addToSet
db.sales.aggregate(
   [
     {
       $group:
         {
           _id: { day: { $dayOfYear: "$date"}, year: { $year: "$date" } },
           itemsSold: { $addToSet: "$item" }
         }
     }
   ]
)

#result
{ "_id" : { "day" : 46, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "xyz", "abc" ] }
{ "_id" : { "day" : 34, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "xyz", "jkl" ] }
{ "_id" : { "day" : 1, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "abc" ] }

#
#
# 表达式 $first
db.sales.aggregate(
   [
     { $sort: { item: 1, date: 1 } },
     {
       $group:
         {
           _id: "$item",
           firstSalesDate: { $first: "$date" }
         }
     }
   ]
)

# result
{ "_id" : "xyz", "firstSalesDate" : ISODate("2014-02-03T09:05:00Z") }
{ "_id" : "jkl", "firstSalesDate" : ISODate("2014-02-03T09:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : "abc", "firstSalesDate" : ISODate("2014-01-01T08:00:00Z") }

Example3

db.sales.aggregate(
   [
      {
        $group : {
           _id : null, # 如果为null,就统计出全部
           totalPrice: { $sum: { $multiply: [ "$price", "$quantity" ] } },
           averageQuantity: { $avg: "$quantity" },
           count: { $sum: 1 }
        }
      }
   ]
)

Example4

# 数据源
{ "_id" : 8751, "title" : "The Banquet", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 8752, "title" : "Divine Comedy", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 8645, "title" : "Eclogues", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 7000, "title" : "The Odyssey", "author" : "Homer", "copies" : 10 }
{ "_id" : 7020, "title" : "Iliad", "author" : "Homer", "copies" : 10 }

# 根据作者分组,获得其著多少书籍
db.books.aggregate(
   [
     { $group : { _id : "$author", books: { $push: "$title" } } }
   ]
)

# result
{ "_id" : "Homer", "books" : [ "The Odyssey", "Iliad" ] }
{ "_id" : "Dante", "books" : [ "The Banquet", "Divine Comedy", "Eclogues" ] }

# 通过系统变量$$ROOT(当前的根文档)来分组
db.books.aggregate(
   [
     { $group : { _id : "$author", books: { $push: "$$ROOT" } } }
   ]
)

# result
{
  "_id" : "Homer",
  "books" :
     [
       { "_id" : 7000, "title" : "The Odyssey", "author" : "Homer", "copies" : 10 },
       { "_id" : 7020, "title" : "Iliad", "author" : "Homer", "copies" : 10 }
     ]
}
{
  "_id" : "Dante",
  "books" :
     [
       { "_id" : 8751, "title" : "The Banquet", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 2 },
       { "_id" : 8752, "title" : "Divine Comedy", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 1 },
       { "_id" : 8645, "title" : "Eclogues", "author" : "Dante", "copies" : 2 }
     ]
}

邮政编码数据集的聚合实例: http://docs.mongoing.com/manual-zh/tutorial/aggregation-zip-code-data-set.html

对用户爱好数据做聚合实例:

http://docs.mongoing.com/manual-zh/tutorial/aggregation-with-user-preference-data.html