Ribbon实现客户端侧负载均衡

5.1. Ribbon简介

Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目，主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起。

Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。简单的说，就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer

后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机连接等）去连接这些机器。我们也很容易

使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。简单地说，Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器。

Ribbon工作时分为两步：

第一步先选择 Eureka Server, 它优先选择在同一个Zone且负载较少的Server；

第二步再根据用户指定的策略，在从Server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。其中Ribbon提供了多种策略，例如轮询、随机、根据响应时间加权等。

5.2. 为服务消费者整合Ribbon

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon</artifactId>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <parent>

        <groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>

        <artifactId>microservice-spring-cloud</artifactId>

        <version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </parent>

    <properties>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

实体类

package com.itmuch.cloud.entity;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class User {

  private Long id;

  private String username;

  private String name;

  private Short age;

  private BigDecimal balance;

  public Long getId() {

    return this.id;

  }

  public void setId(Long id) {

    this.id = id;

  }

  public String getUsername() {

    return this.username;

  }

  public void setUsername(String username) {

    this.username = username;

  }

  public String getName() {

    return this.name;

  }

  public void setName(String name) {

    this.name = name;

  }

  public Short getAge() {

    return this.age;

  }

  public void setAge(Short age) {

    this.age = age;

  }

  public BigDecimal getBalance() {

    return this.balance;

  }

  public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {

    this.balance = balance;

  }

}

Controller类

package com.itmuch.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

@RestController

public class MovieController {

  @Autowired

  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")

  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {

    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/simple/" + id, User.class);

  }

}

启动类

package com.itmuch.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaClient

public class RibbonApplication {

  @Bean

  @LoadBalanced

  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

    return new RestTemplate();

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);

  }

}

配置文件

spring:

  application:

    name: microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon

server:

  port:

eureka:

  client:

    healthcheck:

      enabled: true

    serviceUrl:

      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka

  instance:

    prefer-ip-address: true

访问路径：

5.3. 使用Java代码自定义Ribbon配置

Spring Cloud还允许通过使用@RibbonClient声明其他配置（位于RibbonClientConfiguration之上）来完全控制客户端。例：

启动类

package com.itmuch.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.itmuch.config.TestConfiguration;

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaClient

@RibbonClient(name="microservice-provider-user",configuration=TestConfiguration.class)

public class RibbonApplication {

  @Bean

  @LoadBalanced

  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

    return new RestTemplate();

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);

  }

}
package com.itmuch.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;

@Configuration

public class TestConfiguration {

     @Autowired

     IClientConfig config;

     @Bean

     public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config) {

            return new RandomRule();

     }

}

图文：

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user

--->172.20.10.4::microservice-provider-user2

5.4. 使用属性自定义Ribbon配置

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-config</artifactId>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <parent>

        <groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>

        <artifactId>microservice-spring-cloud</artifactId>

        <version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </parent>

    <properties>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件

spring:

  application:

    name: microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-config

server:

  port:

eureka:

  client:

    healthcheck:

      enabled: true

    serviceUrl:

      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka

  instance:

    prefer-ip-address: true

microservice-provider-user:

  ribbon:

    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.WeightedResponseTimeRule

实体类

package com.itmuch.cloud.entity;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class User {

  private Long id;

  private String username;

  private String name;

  private Short age;

  private BigDecimal balance;

  public Long getId() {

    return this.id;

  }

  public void setId(Long id) {

    this.id = id;

  }

  public String getUsername() {

    return this.username;

  }

  public void setUsername(String username) {

    this.username = username;

  }

  public String getName() {

    return this.name;

  }

  public void setName(String name) {

    this.name = name;

  }

  public Short getAge() {

    return this.age;

  }

  public void setAge(Short age) {

    this.age = age;

  }

  public BigDecimal getBalance() {

    return this.balance;

  }

  public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {

    this.balance = balance;

  }

}

Controller类

package com.itmuch.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

@RestController

public class MovieController {

  @Autowired

  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @Autowired

  private LoadBalancerClient  loadBalancerClient;

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")

  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {

    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/simple/" + id, User.class);

  }

    @GetMapping("/test")

    public String test(){

    ServiceInstance     serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user");

    System.out.println("cyj:--->"+serviceInstance.getHost()+":"+serviceInstance.getPort()+":"+serviceInstance.getServiceId());

    ServiceInstance     serviceInstance2=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user2");

    System.out.println("lxq:--->"+serviceInstance2.getHost()+":"+serviceInstance2.getPort()+":"+serviceInstance2.getServiceId());

    return "";

    }

}

图文

5.5. 脱离Eureka使用Ribbon

Eureka是一种方便的方式来抽象远程服务器的发现，因此您不必在客户端中对其URL进行硬编码，

但如果您不想使用它，Ribbon和Feign仍然是适用的。假设您已经为“商店”申请了@RibbonClient，

并且Eureka未被使用（甚至不在类路径上）。Ribbon客户端默认为已配置的服务器列表，

您可以提供这样的配置

stores:

  ribbon:

    listOfServers: example.com,google.com

在Ribbon中禁用Eureka使用

ribbon:

  eureka:

   enabled: false

设置属性ribbon.eureka.enabled = false将明确禁用在Ribbon中使用Eureka。

 
spring:

  application:

    name: microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-config

server:

  port:

eureka:

  client:

    healthcheck:

      enabled: true

    serviceUrl:

      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka

  instance:

    prefer-ip-address: true

ribbon:

  eureka:

   enabled: false

microservice-provider-user:

   ribbon:

     listOfServers: localhost:

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