阿里云CentOS自动备份MySql 8.0并上传至七牛云

本文主要介绍一下阿里云CentOS7下如何对MySql 8.0数据库进行自动备份,并使用.NET Core 将备份文件上传至七牛云存储上,并对整个过程所踩的坑加以记录.

环境、工具、准备工作

• 服务器:阿里云64位CentOS 7.4.1708版本;并安装MySql 8.0 数据库(如何安装点击)
• 客户端:Windows 10;
• SFTP客户端:FileZilla;用来进行文件传输;
• SSH工具:Putty;用来在Windows 上远程访问CentOS;

编写Shell脚本实现自动备份MySql数据库

1.创建相关目录

使用mkdir命令创建两个目录,一个用来存放Shell和上传七牛云的APP;命令如下

mkdir /home/software/mysql/backupapp      //此目录用来存放相关shell和应用程序
mkdir /home/software/mysql/backupfiles    //此目录用来存放mysql的备份文件

2.编写MySQL备份Shell

• 使用命令进如shell存放的目录,命令如下:

  cd /home/software/mysql/backupapp

• 创建备份的shell文件,命令如下:

  vi backup.sh //vi命令学习

• 编写mysql备份shell命令,内容如下:

  db_user="dbuser"       //输入你的数据库用户名 
  db_password="password" //输入你的数据库密码
  db_name="dbname"       //输入你要备份的数据库名
  mysqldump -u$db_user -p$db_password $db_name | gzip > /home/software/mysql/backupfiles/$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S).sql.gz 
  //将导出的脚本按照年月日时分秒命名并压缩成gz文件,要保证/home/software/mysql/backupfiles存在,并注意脚本不能在windows环境下编写,注意脚本的空格与相关字符的全半角.

• 测试脚本是否正常,命令如下:

  sh /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh 
  //没有错误信息或者提示 Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure 表示正常
  cd /home/software/mysql/backupfile //进入备份文件目录并使用ls命令查看是否备份成功

• 设置shell的权限并设置可运行,命令如下:

  chmod  /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh    //chmod命令学习

3.设置crontab实现自动执行Shell备份数据库

• 创建定时任务使备份脚本能定时运行,命令如下:

  crontab -e  //进入调度器编辑窗口
  //编写如下命令,此命令表示每天凌晨01:00分执行脚本backup.sh crontab命令学习
  0 1 * * * /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh//注意事项:保证/home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh至少有读和可执行权限
  //为方便测试可设置10 * * * * 表示每10分钟执行一次shell

• 重启crontab使命令生效,命令如下:

  systemctl restart crond

开发APP实现将数据库备份文件上传至七牛云

1.注册七牛云(已注册可忽略)

因为七牛云免费提供10G的对象存储空间,所以本文选择七牛云做远程备份.相关注册操作请跳转至七牛云并创建存储空间.

2.新建控制台应用程序编写代码实现上传功能

使用.NET Core创建一个Console应用程序,并使用NuGet安装Newtonsoft.json和Qiniu.Shared;上传功能代码如下:

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Qiniu.Common;
using Qiniu.Http;
using Qiniu.IO;
using Qiniu.IO.Model;
using Qiniu.Util;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace QiniuManagerApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        private const string AccessKey = "";//设置七牛AccessKey
        private const string SecretKey = "";设置七牛SecretKey
        private const string Bucket = "";//设置你的Bucket,就是你新建的存储空间名称

        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var systemPath = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
            {
                systemPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(Program).Assembly.Location);
            }
            var logPath = systemPath + @"/logs/";
            var uploadBackupPath = systemPath + @"/filebackup/";
            DeleteFile(uploadBackupPath, 7);
            var config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                          .SetBasePath(systemPath)
                          .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
                          .Build();
            //读取配置
            var filePath = config["filePath"];
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前文件路径:" + filePath);
                var logName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd") + ".txt";
                if (!File.Exists(logPath + logName))
                {
                    File.Create(logPath + logName);
                }
                using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(logPath + logName, true))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var files = Directory.GetFiles(filePath);
                        if (files.Length > 0)
                        {
                            sw.WriteLine("[Start]=============================================================================================================================");
                            for (int i = 0; i < files.Length; i++)
                            {
                                FileInfo file = new FileInfo(files[i]);
                                if (file.Extension == ".gz")
                                {
                                    sw.WriteLine($"[DateTime]:  {DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ffff")}");
                                    var reslut = string.Empty;
                                    if (UploadFile(file.DirectoryName + @"/", file.Name, out reslut))
                                    {
                                        sw.WriteLine($"[FileName]:{file.Name} upload successfully.");
                                        Console.WriteLine($"[FileName]:{file.Name} upload successfully.");
                                        file.MoveTo(uploadBackupPath + @"/" + file.Name);
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        sw.WriteLine($"[FileName]:{file.Name} upload unsuccessfully.");
                                        Console.WriteLine($"[FileName]:{file.Name} upload unsuccessfully.");
                                        sw.WriteLine($"[ Result ]:{reslut}");
                                    }
                                }
                                sw.WriteLine();
                            }
                            sw.WriteLine("[ End ]=============================================================================================================================");
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        sw.WriteLine("[Exception]=============================================================================================================================");
                        sw.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                        sw.WriteLine("[Exception]=============================================================================================================================");
                        throw;
                    }
                }
                Console.WriteLine("上传完成!");
            }
        }

        private static bool UploadFile(string filePath, string fileName, out string error)
        {
            Mac mac = new Mac(AccessKey, SecretKey);
            // 设置上传策略，详见：https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/1206/put-policy
            PutPolicy putPolicy = new PutPolicy();
            // 设置要上传的目标空间
            putPolicy.Scope = Bucket;
            // 上传策略的过期时间(单位:秒)
            putPolicy.SetExpires(3000);
            // 生成上传token
            string token = Auth.CreateUploadToken(mac, putPolicy.ToJsonString());
            // 设置上传区域
            Config.SetZone(ZoneID.CN_North, false);
            // 表单上传
            FormUploader target = new FormUploader();
            // 上传文件
            var fileBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(filePath + fileName);
            HttpResult result = target.UploadData(fileBytes, fileName, token);
            error = result.ToString();
            if (result.Code == 200)
            {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        private static void DeleteFile(string filePath, int createdDays)
        {
            if (!Directory.Exists(filePath))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(filePath);
            }
            DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(filePath);
            var files = di.GetFiles();
            for (int i = 0; i < files.Length; i++)
            {
                if (files[i].CreationTime >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(createdDays))
                {
                    files[i].Delete();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//appsetting.json的内容,文件要新建,默认console程序没有该文件
{
  "filePath": "/home/software/mysql/backupfiles"//设置你MySQL备份文件所在路径
}

注意事项:

• 注意设置七牛云相关配置如AccessKey ,SecretKey ,Bucket 选择正确的上传区域;
• 发布程序时,需要将console依赖的相关文件都拷贝至应用程序根目录下(此处可能是.NET Core的一个bug);
• 注意区分获取程序根目录的方式(在Linux服务器和Window 服务器获取方式不一样)

3.将Console部署至阿里云CentOS并进行测试

• 将程序部署至CentOS(参见此文或官方文档),目录路径为:/home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp
• 使用chmod命令,设置console程序的可执行权限;命令如下:

  chmod 777 /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/QiniuManagerApp.dll
  

• 测试程序;命令如下:

  dotnet /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/QiniuManagerApp.dll

• 进入七牛站点,查看文件是否上传成功;
• 编写app shell脚本;内容如下:

  cd /home/software/mysql/backupapp
  vi backupapp.sh
  //编写如下内容:
  dotnet /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/QiniuManagerApp.dll
  

4.设置crond 实现自动将备份文件上传至七牛云

• 创建定时任务使备份App能定时运行,命令如下:

  crontab -e  //进入调度器编辑窗口
  //编写如下命令
  10 1 * * * /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backupapp.sh   //注意事项:保证/home/software/mysql/backupapp/backupapp.sh至少有读和可执行权限

• 重启crontab使命令生效,命令如下:

  systemctl restart crond

至此,阿里云CentOS自动备份MySql 8.0并上传至七牛云 已经结束;

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作者：微沙

　　　　

出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/xrzs

　　　　

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