Python之Suds库调用WCF实现复杂参数序列化

今年主要做自动化测试技术支持工作，最近一直在做接口自动化这块,前些天在研究将web页面模拟http进行接口自动化，这周杭州那边想测试WCF服务,所以这两天一直在探索。遇到的第一个问题就是服务参数传参序列化的问题,怎么让python这边创建的对象能被WCF识别到。正好在大学的时候也学了WCF,不过一直都没用过，这次算是重温一下，用的都是一些WCF基础。

一、WCF服务准备

1.定义契约Contract

这里IServiceDemo.cs定义了服务契约IServiceDemo,并定义了几个操作契约OperationContract,5个操作契约传的参数不同,用来做测试，同时自定义了两个数据契约DataContract.并在ServiceDemo.svc中实现了上面操作契约。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;
 
namespace WcfServiceDemo
{
    // 注意: 使用“重构”菜单上的“重命名”命令，可以同时更改代码和配置文件中的接口名“IService1”。
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IServiceDemo
    {
 
        [OperationContract]
        string GetSimpleData(string value);
 
        [OperationContract]
        List<Item> GetListData(List<Item> items);
 
        [OperationContract]
        Item GetModelData(Item item);
 
        [OperationContract]
        Dictionary<string,string> GetDicData(Dictionary<string,string> dic);
 
        [OperationContract]
        Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string,int>[]> GetDicDicData(Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, int>[]> dic);
 
    }
    [DataContract]
    public class ItemMenu
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Value { get; set; }
    }
    [DataContract]
    public class Item
    {
        [DataMember]
        public List<ItemMenu> ItemMenus { get; set; }
    }
 
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;
 
namespace WcfServiceDemo
{
    // 注意: 使用“重构”菜单上的“重命名”命令，可以同时更改代码、svc 和配置文件中的类名“Service1”。
    // 注意: 为了启动 WCF 测试客户端以测试此服务，请在解决方案资源管理器中选择 Service1.svc 或 Service1.svc.cs，然后开始调试。
    public class ServiceDemo : IServiceDemo
    {
 
        public string GetSimpleData(string value)
        {
            return value;
        }
        public List<Item> GetListData(List<Item> items)
        {
            return items;
        }
        public Item GetModelData(Item item)
        {
            return item;
        }
        public Dictionary<string, string> GetDicData(Dictionary<string, string> dic)
        {
            return dic;
        }
        public Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, int>[]> GetDicDicData(Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, int>[]> dic)
        {
            return dic;
        }
 
    }
}

2.定义宿主

WCF宿主可以有多种方式,这里用了控制台应用程序来作为宿主，主要是想着做demo,可以发给测试，用控制台不用像iis那样部署了。在控制台应用程序的App.config中配置wcf服务。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="WcfServiceDemo.ServiceDemo" behaviorConfiguration="ServiceDemoBehavior" >
        <endpoint address="" contract="WcfServiceDemo.IServiceDemo" binding="basicHttpBinding"></endpoint>
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8001/ServiceDemo/"></add>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="ServiceDemoBehavior">
          <!-- 为避免泄漏元数据信息，请在部署前将以下值设置为 false -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true"/>
          <!-- 要接收故障异常详细信息以进行调试，请将以下值设置为 true。在部署前设置为 false 以避免泄漏异常信息 -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <protocolMapping>
      <add binding="basicHttpsBinding" scheme="https" />
    </protocolMapping>
    <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
  </system.serviceModel>
    <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
    </startup>
</configuration>

3.启动服务

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfServiceDemo.ServiceDemo)))
            {
                host.Open();
                Console.WriteLine("服务已开启");
                Console.Read();
            }
        }

4.出现的问题

在启动服务的时候，报了:HTTP 无法注册 URL http://+:8001/ServiceDemo/。进程不具有此命名空间的访问权限的错误。解决方法是VS2015用管理员打开就好了。

二.suds.client的使用

1.了解WCF

要调用WCF，首先得知道服务中有哪些参数,每个参数具体是什么类型。可以使用sud.client实例化client,然后打印出来看服务里面的内容。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
 
from suds.client import Client
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    client=Client('http://localhost:8001/ServiceDemo/?singleWsdl')
    print client
    # -----------------简单类型---------------------------
    result= client.service.GetSimpleData('')
    print result

Service ( ServiceDemo ) tns="http://tempuri.org/"
   Prefixes (4)
      ns0 = "http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/WcfServiceDemo"
      ns1 = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/"
      ns2 = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays"
      ns3 = "http://tempuri.org/"
   Ports (1):
      (BasicHttpBinding_IServiceDemo)
         Methods (5):
            GetDicData(ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring dic, )
            GetDicDicData(ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 dic, )
            GetListData(ns0:ArrayOfItem items, )
            GetModelData(ns0:Item item, )
            GetSimpleData(xs:string value, )
         Types (11):
            ns2:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint
            ns0:ArrayOfItem
            ns0:ArrayOfItemMenu
            ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1
            ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint
            ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring
            ns0:Item
            ns0:ItemMenu
            ns1:char
            ns1:duration
            ns1:guid

2.参数序列化

对于基础类型的参数可以直接传参，但复杂类型参数就比较麻烦了，怎么样在python定义的参数能在wcf服务端识别出来,也就是序列化反序列化的问题，例如GetDicDicData方法中要传递ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1类型的参数，在python中怎么定义呢，这个类型里面包含哪些属性，怎么实例化这个参数，可以使用client.factory.create('参数类型名')来创建，有时类型下面还有子类，所以在传参数时要弄清楚对象里面子类的数据类型,从根到叶子，而在实例化参数时需要从叶子到根来组装成对象。还有获取结果后获取解析的问题，这个把结果打印出来后可以一层一层的获取值。也可以调用last_received()方法，返回的是xml,然后用xpath解析。

    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringint')
    KeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringint')
    KeyValueOfstringint.Key='cyw'
    KeyValueOfstringint.Value = 1
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint.KeyValueOfstringint=[KeyValueOfstringint]
    ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint.ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=[ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint]
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.Key = 'cuiyw'
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.Value = ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1

具体实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
 
from suds.client import Client
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    client=Client('http://localhost:8001/ServiceDemo/?singleWsdl')
    print client
    # -----------------简单类型---------------------------
    result= client.service.GetSimpleData('')
    print result
 
    # -----------------自定义类---------------------------
    print client.factory.create('ns0:Item')
    print client.factory.create('ns0:ArrayOfItemMenu')
    print client.factory.create('ns0:ItemMenu')
    ItemMenu=client.factory.create('ns0:ItemMenu')
    ItemMenu.Name='Cyw'
    ItemMenu.Value = 'Cuiyw'
    ArrayOfItemMenu= client.factory.create('ns0:ArrayOfItemMenu')
    ArrayOfItemMenu.ItemMenu=[ItemMenu,ItemMenu]
    Item=client.factory.create('ns0:Item')
    Item.ItemMenus=ArrayOfItemMenu
    result= client.service.GetModelData(Item)
    print result
    print result.ItemMenus.ItemMenu[0].Name
    print result.ItemMenus.ItemMenu[0].Value
 
    # -----------------自定义类列表---------------------------
    print client.factory.create('ns0:ArrayOfItem')
    ArrayOfItem =client.factory.create('ns0:ArrayOfItem')
    ArrayOfItem.Item=[Item,Item]
    result= client.service.GetListData(ArrayOfItem)
    print result
    print result.Item[0].ItemMenus.ItemMenu[0].Name
    # -----------------字典类型---------------------------
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringstring')
    KeyValueOfstringstring= client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringstring')
    KeyValueOfstringstring.Key=''
    KeyValueOfstringstring.Value = 'cyw'
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring=client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring')
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring.KeyValueOfstringstring=[KeyValueOfstringstring]
    result= client.service.GetDicData(ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring)
    print result.KeyValueOfstringstring[0].Key
    print result.KeyValueOfstringstring[0].Value
    # print client.last_received()
 
    # -----------------字典嵌套---------------------------
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    print client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringint')
    KeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringint')
    KeyValueOfstringint.Key='cyw'
    KeyValueOfstringint.Value = 1
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint.KeyValueOfstringint=[KeyValueOfstringint]
    ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint.ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=[ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint]
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = client.factory.create('ns2:KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.Key = 'cuiyw'
    KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.Value = ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = client.factory.create('ns2:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1.KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1 = KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1
    result= client.service.GetDicDicData(ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1)
    print result.KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1[0].Key
    print result.KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1[0].Value

三、遇到的问题

在上面配置WCF服务时我把终结点配置的绑定配置成wsHttpBinding，导致在python调用时出现下面的错误。当启动新实例启动服务时是可以的，但使用宿主就不行，昨天没找到解决方法，今天把昨天写的在自己电脑上重现了下还是出现这个问题，找了半天没想到还真解决了。

<endpoint address="" contract="WcfServiceDemo.IServiceDemo" binding="wsHttpBinding"></endpoint>

Exception: (415, u"Cannot process the message because the content type 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' was not the expected type 'application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8'.")

四、zeep client库的使用

昨天查Suds不支持wsHttpBinding,今天就尝试用zeep库来尝试。

1、WCF服务配置

首先是配置wsHttpBinding,使用zeep时需要wsHttpBinding配置<security mode="None">。其他与上一博客使用Suds序列化反序列化一样。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
     <bindings>
        <wsHttpBinding>
          <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IWCFService" >
          <security mode="None">
          </security>
          </binding>
        </wsHttpBinding>
 
    </bindings>
    <services>
      <service name="WcfServiceDemo.ServiceDemo" behaviorConfiguration="ServiceDemoBehavior" >
        <endpoint address="" contract="WcfServiceDemo.IServiceDemo" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IWCFService"></endpoint>
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8001/ServiceDemo/"></add>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="ServiceDemoBehavior">
          <!-- 为避免泄漏元数据信息，请在部署前将以下值设置为 false -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true"/>
          <!-- 要接收故障异常详细信息以进行调试，请将以下值设置为 true。在部署前设置为 false 以避免泄漏异常信息 -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <protocolMapping>
      <add binding="basicHttpsBinding" scheme="https" />
    </protocolMapping>
    <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
  </system.serviceModel>
    <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
    </startup>
</configuration>

2、zeep client的使用

参数序列化反序列化，这里传入参数和返回值一样，就是为了验证传入参数正确与否。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
from zeep import Client
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    client = Client('http://localhost:8021/ServiceDemo/?singleWsdl')
    print client
    print client.namespaces
    #-------------------基础数据类型---------------
    print client.service.GetSimpleData('abc')
    # -------------------自定义Model类型---------------
    ItemMenuType = client.get_type('ns2:ItemMenu')
    itemMenu= ItemMenuType(Name='cyw',Value='abc')
    ArrayOfItemMenuType = client.get_type('ns2:ArrayOfItemMenu')
    print ArrayOfItemMenuType
    itemMenus=ArrayOfItemMenuType(ItemMenu=[itemMenu,itemMenu])
    print itemMenus
    ItemType= client.get_type('ns2:Item')
    print ItemType
    item=ItemType(ItemMenus=itemMenus)
    print item
    print client.service.GetModelData(item)
    # -------------------自定义Model List类型---------------
    ArrayOfItem = client.get_type('ns2:ArrayOfItem')
    items= ArrayOfItem(Item=[item,item])
    print client.service.GetListData(items)
    # -------------------字典类型---------------
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstringType = client.get_type('ns3:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstring')
    print ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstringType
    dic=ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringstringType(KeyValueOfstringstring=[{'Key':'a','Value':'aaa'},{'Key':'b','Value':'bbb'}])
    print dic
    # -------------------字典嵌套类型---------------
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintType = client.get_type('ns3:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    print ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintType
    dic=ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintType(KeyValueOfstringint=[{'Key':'a','Value':1},{'Key':'b','Value':2}])
    print dic
    ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintType = client.get_type('ns3:ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint')
    arrdic= ArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintType(ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint=[dic])
    ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1Type = client.get_type('ns3:ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1')
    dicdic= ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1Type(KeyValueOfstringArrayOfArrayOfKeyValueOfstringintty7Ep6D1={'Key':'c','Value':arrdic})
    result= client.service.GetDicDicData(dicdic)
    print result
    print result[0].Value.ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringint[0].KeyValueOfstringint[0].Key

一直没找到怎么打印出wsdl的详细信息,今天算是找到了.

print client.wsdl.dump()