Django REST framework 之分页，视图，路由，渲染器

1.分页

方法一：

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning

from rest_framework.views import  APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from .serializer import IndexSerializer

from  rest_framework.pagination import  LimitOffsetPagination,PageNumberPagination,CursorPagination

from . import models

# Create your views here.

#方法一，有分页，基于limint offset 分页

class P1(LimitOffsetPagination):

    default_limit =1#一页默认几个

    limit_query_param = 'limit' #关键字后面跟的是一页显示几个

    offset_query_param = 'offset'#这个后面跟的是从哪里显示

    max_limit = 2 #这个是一页最多显示有几个

#如果把数据放在对象里面，就要变成字典形式即可

class BaseResponse(object):

    def __init__(self,code=1000,data=None,error=None):

        self.code=code

        self.data=data

        self.error=error

class IndexView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        ret=BaseResponse()

        try:

            user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()#找到所有的数据项

            p1 = P1()#实例化分页器，

            page_user_list=p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self)#把数据放在分页器上面

            ser=IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True)#序列化数据

            ret.data=ser.data

            ret.next=p1.get_next_link()

        except Exception as e:

            ret.code=1001

            ret.error='xxxx错误'

        return Response(ret.__dict__)      #对象序列化不了，转成字典形式即可

            # return  p1.get_paginated_response(ret)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

        # return  p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data)#这个会显示上

#1.2 普通方法

class IndexView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()#找到所有的数据项

        p1 = P1()#实例化分页器，

        page_user_list=p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self)#把数据放在分页器上面

        ser=IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True)#序列化数据

        ret={

            'code':111,

            'data':ser.data

        }

        # return Response(ret)#这个不会显示上一页和下一页

        # return  p1.get_paginated_response(ret)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

        return  p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

方法二：

方法二：#http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/v1/user/?page=1&size=2

# class P2(PageNumberPagination):

#     #每页显示的数据条数

#     page_size =2 #每页显示的多少

#     page_size_query_param = 'size'#关键字

#     max_page_size = 5 #每页最多显示多少个

#     #页码

#     page_query_param = 'page'#页码是从1开始的，也是关键字

#

#

# class IndexView(APIView):

#     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

#         user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()#找到所有的数据项

#         p1 = P2()#实例化分页器，

#         page_user_list=p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self)#把数据放在分页器上面

#         ser=IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True)#序列化数据

#         ret={

#             'code':111,

#             'data':ser.data

#         }

#         # return Response(ret)#这个不会显示上一页和下一页

#         # return  p1.get_paginated_response(ret)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

#         return  p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

方法三：

class P3(CursorPagination):

#     cursor_query_param = 'cursor'#关键字，c

#     page_size =2 #每页默认的数量

#     ordering = 'id'#按照id排列

#     page_size_query_param ='page_size'#每页显示的数量

#

#

#

# class IndexView(APIView):

#     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

#         user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()#找到所有的数据项

#         p1 = P3()#实例化分页器，

#         page_user_list=p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self)#把数据放在分页器上面

#         print('分页数据',page_user_list)

#         ser=IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True)#序列化数据

#         ret={

#             'code':111,

#             'data':ser.data

#         }

#         # return Response(ret)#这个不会显示上一页和下一页

#         # return  p1.get_paginated_response(ret)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

#         return  p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data)#这个会显示上一页和下一页

2.视图

自定义URL:

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/$', views.TestView.as_view()),

]

from django.shortcuts import render

from  rest_framework.views import  APIView

from  rest_framework.request import Request

from  rest_framework.pagination import  CursorPagination

from rest_framework.serializers import Serializer

from rest_framework import viewsets

from  rest_framework.response import Response

from app01.serializer import IndexSerializer

from app01 import  models

# Create your views here.

class TestView(APIView):

    # serializer_class = IndexSerializer

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        print(user_list)

        ser=IndexSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)

        print(type(ser))

        return  Response([1,2,3])

    def retrieve(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

          pass

    def create(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

          pass

方法二：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/$', views.TestView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),

    url(r'^user/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.TestView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),

]

from rest_framework import viewsets

from  rest_framework.response import Response

from app01.serializer import IndexSerializer

from app01 import  models

class TestView(viewsets.GenericViewSet):

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class = IndexSerializer

    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        return  Response('......')

    def retrieve(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

          pass

    def create(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

          pass

方式三：

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from rest_framework import routers

from  . import  views

routers=routers.DefaultRouter()

routers.register(r'user',views.TestView)

urlpatterns=[

    url(r'^',include(routers.urls)),

]

from rest_framework.viewsets import  ModelViewSet

from rest_framework import  serializers

from  app01 import  models

from rest_framework import viewsets

class UserSeriallizer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=models.UserInfo

        fields=('username','password')

class TestView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class = UserSeriallizer

3.路由

有三种情况：

一：普通版

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from  rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

from  . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/',views.IndexView.as_view()),

    url(r'^user\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

    url(r'^user/(？P<pk>\d+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

    url(r'^user/(？P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

]

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from  rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import viewsets

from app01 import models

from app01.serializer import IndexSerializer

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer,AdminRenderer

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

# Create your views here.

class IndexView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,AdminRenderer,]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(self.renderer_classes)

        return Response({'name':'frank'})#Admin必须返回一个键值对形式的值

        # return Response('.......')

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('.....')

二：半自动URl

# urlpatterns = [

#

    # url(r'^user/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),

#     url(r'^user/\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':list,'post':'create'})),

#     url(r'^user/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})),

#     url(r'^user/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})),

# ]

class P2(PageNumberPagination):

    #每页显示的数据条数

    page_size =2 #每页显示的多少

    page_size_query_param = 'size'#关键字

    max_page_size = 5 #每页最多显示多少个

    #页码

    page_query_param = 'page'#页码是从1开始的，也是关键字

class IndexView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    # renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer]

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class =IndexSerializer

    pagination_class = P2

from  rest_framework import serializers

from  app01 import  models

class IndexSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

        class Meta:

            model = models.UserInfo

            fields = '__all__'

全自动URL：

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from  rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

from  . import views

# urlpatterns = [

#     url(r'^user/',views.IndexView.as_view()),

#     url(r'^user\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

#     url(r'^user/(？P<pk>\d+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

#     url(r'^user/(？P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view()),

# ]

#半自动

# urlpatterns = [

#

#     url(r'^user/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),

#     url(r'^user/\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':list,'post':'create'})),

#     url(r'^user/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})),

#     url(r'^user/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/$',views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})),

# ]

router=DefaultRouter()

router.register('index',views.IndexView)

urlpatterns=[

    url(r'^',include(router.urls))

]

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from  rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import viewsets

from app01 import models

from app01.serializer import IndexSerializer

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer,AdminRenderer

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

#

#

# # Create your views here.

#

# class IndexView(APIView):

#     renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,AdminRenderer,]

#

#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         print(self.renderer_classes)

#         return Response({'name':'frank'})

#         # return Response('.......')

#

#     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         return Response('.....')

class P2(PageNumberPagination):

    #每页显示的数据条数

    page_size =2 #每页显示的多少

    page_size_query_param = 'size'#关键字

    max_page_size = 5 #每页最多显示多少个

    #页码

    page_query_param = 'page'#页码是从1开始的，也是关键字

class IndexView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    # renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer]

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class =IndexSerializer

    pagination_class = P2

from  rest_framework import serializers

from  app01 import  models

# class IndexSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

#     # id=serializers.IntegerField()

#     # username=serializers.CharField()

#     # password=serializers.CharField()

class IndexSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

        class Meta:

            model = models.UserInfo

            fields = '__all__'

4.渲染器

看到的页面是什么样子的，返回数据。

renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,]#返回的是一个json数据格式的没有任何外在的形式

renderer_classes = [BrowsableAPIRenderer,]#返回的带有的页面格式

我们一般使用这两个渲染器

"""demo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^app01/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app01.urls')),

    url(r'^app02/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app02.urls')),

    url(r'^app03/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app03.urls')),

    url(r'^app04/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app04.urls')),

]

from django.conf.urls import url

from  . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/',views.IndexView.as_view()),

]

from app01 import models

from  app01.serializer import IndexSerializer

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

class IndexView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = IndexSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True)

        return Response(ser.data)

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