Java&Selenium自动化测试实现页面元素、页面对象及测试代码分离

一、摘要

本篇博文将介绍自动化测试实现页面元素、页面对象及测试代码分离在自动化框架中的实现

二、解析页面元素定位信息

首先，将页面元素与实际的代码分离，首先我们将页面元素定位信息和定位表达式保存在属性文件中，例如我们PaaS平台提供Mysql服务的页面，在工程中新建一个名为MysqlService.properties的文件，文件中保存内容类似如下：

[MySQL数据库服务]
[MySQL数据库服务-列表]
paas.mysql.refreshbutton=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[5]/button
paas.mysql.createnewinstance=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[4]/button
paas.mysql.searchinstancenameinput=xpath>//*[@id="app"]/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[1]/label[1]/div/input
paas.mysql.searchinstancenamebutton=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[1]/label[2]/button
paas.mysql.searchspacename=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[3]/label[2]/div/div[1]/input
paas.mysql.operation=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/section/div[1]/div[3]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/div/span
paas.mysql.operationrestart=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[1]
paas.mysql.operationrelease=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[2]
paas.mysql.operationmanage=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[3]
paas.mysql.operationlog=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[4]
paas.mysql.operationmonitor=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[5]
paas.mysql.confirmrestart=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[2]
paas.mysql.cancelrestart=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[1]
paas.mysql.releaseconfirmbutton=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[2]
paas.mysql.releasecancelbutton=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[1]

[MySQL数据库服务-创建]
paas.newinstance.instancename=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[2]/div/div[1]/input
paas.newinstance.description=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[10]/div/div/textarea
paas.newinstance.standard5.6=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[4]/div/div/label[1]/span
paas.newinstance.standard5.7=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[4]/div/div/label[2]/span
paas.newinstance.instancestandard=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[5]/div/div/div[1]/input
paas.newinstance.1c1gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[1]
paas.newinstance.1c2gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[2]
paas.newinstance.2c8gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[3]

三、解析定位元素属性文件

满足selenium的8中定位方式

/*
 * @FileName GetElementUtil: this util is use for getting page element
 * @author davieyang
 * @create 2018-08-21 16:37
 */
package util;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class GetElementUtil {
    private Properties properties;
    /**
     * 用于读取存储页面元素的属性文件
     * @param propFile 属性文件的绝对路径，应定义为常量
     */
    public GetElementUtil(String propFile){
        properties = new Properties();
        try{
            FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(propFile);
            properties.load(in);
            in.close();
        }catch (IOException e){
            System.out.println("读取对象文件出错");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param elementName 存储在属性文件中的元素名称"pass.spacemanagement.releasebutton"
     * @return 根据传入的页面元素名获取元素，返回元素定位
     * @throws Exception "输入的locator Type 未在程序中定义：" + locatorType
     */
    public By getLocator(String elementName) throws Exception{
        //根据变量ElementNameInproFile，从属性配置文件中读取对应的配置对象
        String locator = properties.getProperty(elementName);
        //将配置对象中的定位类型存到locatorType变量，将定位表达式的值存到locatorValue变量
        String locatorType = locator.split(">")[0];
        String locatorValue = locator.split(">")[1];
        /**
         * 配置文件均默认为ISO-8859-1编码存储，使用getBytes方法可以将字符串编码转换为UTF-8
         * 以此来解决读取中文为乱码的问题
         */
        locatorValue = new String(locatorValue.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
        //输出locatorType变量值和locatorValue变量值，验证是否赋值正确
        System.out.println("获取的定位类型：" + locatorType + "\t获取的定位表达式" + locatorValue);
        //根据locatorType的变量值内容判断返回何种定位方式的By对象
        if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("id"))
            return By.id(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("name"))
            return By.name(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("classname")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("class")))
            return By.className(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tagname")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tag")))
            return By.tagName(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("linktext")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("link")))
            return By.linkText(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("partiallinktext"))
            return By.partialLinkText(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("cssselector")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("css")))
            return By.cssSelector(locatorValue);
        else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("xpath"))
            return By.xpath(locatorValue);
        else
            throw new Exception("输入的locator Type 未在程序中定义：" + locatorType);
    }
}

四、将页面元素封装成对象

/*
 * @FileName StoreManagement: 封装Mysql页面对象
 * @outhor davieyang
 * @create 2018-08-08 11:12
 */
package pageobject.resourcemanagement;
import util.GetElementUtil;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import static constants.Constants.MysqlService_Property;
import static util.JavaScriptToDo.highLightElement;

public class MySQLService {
    private static WebElement element = null;
    /**指定页面元素定位表达式配置文件的绝对路径
     *
     */
    private static GetElementUtil getElementUtil = new GetElementUtil(MysqlService_Property);
    private WebDriver driver;
    public MySQLService(WebDriver driver){
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    /**返回MySQL数据库服务页面“刷新”按钮的页面元素对象
     *
     * @param driver 浏览器驱动
     * @return
     * @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
     */
    public static WebElement refresh_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
        //调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
        element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.refreshbutton"));
        highLightElement(driver, element);
        return element;
    }

    /**返回MySQL数据库服务页面“创建实例”按钮的页面元素对象
     *
     * @param driver 浏览器驱动
     * @return
     * @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
     */
    public static WebElement create_New_Instance_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
        //调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
        element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.createnewinstance"));
        highLightElement(driver, element);
        return element;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param driver
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static WebElement search_Instance_Name_Input(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
        //调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
        element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchinstancenameinput"));
        highLightElement(driver, element);
        return element;
    }
    /**返回MySQL数据库服务页面MySQL名称检索控件的页面元素对象
     *
     * @param driver 浏览器驱动
     * @return
     * @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
     */
    public static WebElement search_Instance_Name_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
        //调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
        element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchinstancenamebutton"));
        highLightElement(driver, element);
        return element;
    }

    /**返回MySQL数据库服务页面运行空间检索控件页面元素对象
     *
     * @param driver 浏览器驱动
     * @return
     * @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
     */
    public static WebElement search_Space_Name(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
        //调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
        element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchspacename"));
        highLightElement(driver, element);
        return element;
    }
}

五、测试代码

package testscript;
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import util.KeyActionsUtil;
import static util.KeyActionsUtil.*;
import java.util.List;
import static appmodule.MysqlService.linkToMysqlPage;
import static util.KeyBoardUtil.pressTabKey;
import static util.LogUtil.info;
import static pageobject.resourcemanagement.MySQLService.*;
import static util.ScrollBarUtil.scrolltoBottom;
import static util.WaitElementUtil.sleep;
// @Listeners({util.TestReport.class})
public class Test_Mysql {

    static {
        DOMConfigurator.configure("log4j.xml");
    }
    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp()throws Exception {
        WebDriver driver = KeyActionsUtil.initBrowser("chrome");
        linkToMysqlPage(driver, "yangdawei", "alex005x");
        sleep(2000);
    }

    @Test(priority = 0, description = "测试创建mysql数据库服务1CPU2G")
    public void test_CreateMysqlInstance() throws Exception {
        create_New_Instance_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击创建实例按钮...");
        sleep(1000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        instance_Name_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("automationtest");
        info("输入实例名：automationtesta");
        sleep(1000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        //页面存在相同属性的元素，取所有放到list里，用序号操作
        List<WebElement> radios = driver.findElements(By.className("el-radio-button__inner"));
        radios.get(1).click();
        sleep(1000);
        info("选择数据库版本5.7...");
        instance_Standard_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).click();
        info("点击实例规格...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待2秒...");
        one_Core_two_GB(driver).click();
        info("选择1CPU2GB...");
        storage_Space_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).clear();
        info("清空存储空间字段...");
        storage_Space_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("1");
        info("输入1G....");
        scrolltoBottom(driver);
        sleep(2000);
        pressTabKey();
        outsideaccess_Checkbox_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).click();
        info("选择外部链接...");
        password_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("111111");
        info("输入密码111111...");
        repassword_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("111111");
        info("确认密码111111...");
        description_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("automationtest");
        info("描述信息输入automationtest");
        sleep(2000);
        submit_Button_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
        info("确认创建...");
        sleep(2000);
        refresh_Button(driver).click();
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("automationtest"));
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("创建中"));
    }
    @Test(priority = 1, description = "重启mysql服务")
    public void test_RestartMysqlInstance()throws Exception {
        operation_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        operation_Restart_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击下拉菜单中的重启按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        restart_Confirm_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击确定按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("重启请求成功"));
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("重启中"));
    }

    @Test(priority = 2, description = "管理mysql服务页面")
    public void test_Review_Basic_Mysql_Info()throws Exception{
        operation_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        operation_Manage_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击下拉菜单里的管理按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待三秒");
        assertString(driver,"基本信息");
    }
    @Test(priority = 3, description = "管理mysql服务页面")
    public void test_Review_Mysql_Link()throws Exception{
        database_Link_Tab(driver).click();
        sleep(2000);
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("210.13.50.105"));
    }

    @Test(priority = 4,description = "查看Mysql日志")
    public void test_ReviewLog()throws Exception{
        operation_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        operation_Log_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击下拉菜单中的日志按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        extend_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
        info("点击展开按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        datefrom_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
        info("点击第一个日期空间，弹出下拉...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        datefrom_by_Date_in_Log_Page(driver).clear();
        datefrom_by_Date_in_Log_Page(driver).sendKeys("2018-09-01");
        info("输入日期”2018-09-01");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        datefrom_Sure_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
        info("点击确定按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        search_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
        info("点击筛选按钮...");
        sleep(2000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("Initializing database"));

    }

    @Test(priority = 5, description = "查看Mysql服务监控")
    public void test_MonitorMysqlService()throws Exception{
        operation_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
        sleep(3000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        operation_Monitor_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击下拉菜单里的监控按钮...");
        sleep(3000);
        info("等待3秒...");
    }

    @Test(priority = 6, description = "释放mysql服务")
    public void test_ReleaseMysqlService()throws Exception{
        operation_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
        sleep(3000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        operation_Release_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击下拉菜单里的释放按钮...");
        sleep(3000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        release_Confirm_Button(driver).click();
        info("点击确定按钮...");
        sleep(3000);
        info("等待3秒...");
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("操作成功"));
        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("删除中"));
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterMethod(){
        driver.quit();
    }
}