Spring 注解<context:annotation-config> 和 <context:component-scan>的作用与区别

<context:annotation-config> 是用于激活那些已经在spring容器里注册过的bean（无论是通过xml的方式还是通过packagesanning的方式）上面的注解。(激活@Resource和@Autowired注解)

<context:component-scan>除了具有<context:annotation-config>的功能之外，<context:component-scan>还可以在指定的package下扫描以及注册javabean 。(激活@Resource和@Autowired注解，同时可以配置扫描的包以激活@Service、@Controller等注解)

1.<context:component-scan>的作用:(开发中用这一个足以)

　　一方面可以配置扫描注解的包的路径，另一方面具有<context:annotation-config>的作用，也就是可以实现注解注入(Autowired与Resource等注解)。

例如:

目录结构:

　　　　

ApplicationContext-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置扫描注解的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.qlq.test" ></context:component-scan>
</beans>

package cn.qlq.test.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * @Author: qlq
 * @Description
 * @Date: 22:49 2018/9/28
 */
@Repository
public class UserDao {
    public void saveUser() {
        System.out.println("save user");
    }
}

package cn.qlq.test.service;

import cn.qlq.test.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author: qlq
 * @Description
 * @Date: 22:52 2018/9/28
 */
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void saveUser() {
        userDao.saveUser();
    }
}

测试类:

package cn.qlq.test;

import cn.qlq.test.service.UserService;
import org.apache.xbean.spring.context.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @Author: qlq
 * @Description
 * @Date: 22:54 2018/9/28
 */
public class TestApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext-test.xml");
        //第一种:用beanId获取bean
//        UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
        //第二种:用bean的class获取bean
        UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.saveUser();
    }
}

结果:

save user

补充:

　　<context:component-scan....可以扫描多个包，逗号隔开就行，而且扫描包的时候会自动扫描子包。如下也是正确的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置扫描注解的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.qlq.test.dao,cn.qlq.test.service" ></context:component-scan>
</beans>

2.<context:annotation-config>的作用与测试

　　<context:annotation-config> 是用于激活那些已经在spring容器里注册过的bean（无论是通过xml的方式还是通过package sanning的方式）上面的注解。也就是激活@Autowired和@Resource注解。但是不会扫描@Service等注解配置的bean。

如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <bean id="userDao" class="cn.qlq.test.dao.UserDao"/>
    <bean id="userService" class="cn.qlq.test.service.UserService"/>
</beans>

package cn.qlq.test.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * @Author: qlq
 * @Description
 * @Date: 22:49 2018/9/28
 */
public class UserDao {
    public void saveUser() {
        System.out.println("save user");
    }
}

package cn.qlq.test.service;

import cn.qlq.test.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author: qlq
 * @Description
 * @Date: 22:52 2018/9/28
 */
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void saveUser() {
        userDao.saveUser();
    }
}

测试代码同上，可以正常运行。

如果我们修改xml为下面:(去掉bean定义)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置扫描注解的包-->
    <context:annotation-config/>
</beans>

结果报错没有找到bean:

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [cn.qlq.test.service.UserService] is defined
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:371)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:331)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:972)
    at cn.qlq.test.TestApp.main(TestApp.java:17)

修改xml为如下:(去掉annotation-config标签)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <bean id="userDao" class="cn.qlq.test.dao.UserDao"/>
    <bean id="userService" class="cn.qlq.test.service.UserService"/>
</beans>

结果会报空指针异常，service中没有注入dao:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at cn.qlq.test.service.UserService.saveUser(UserService.java:17)
    at cn.qlq.test.TestApp.main(TestApp.java:18)