BBS项目（二）

目录

• BBS项目（二）
  • ORM 创建相关表
    • 表模型
  • 修改admin样式
    • Simple-UI
    • 注册表添加数据
  • 注册forms类编写
  • 注册功能前端搭建
  • 头像实时显示功能实现

BBS项目（二）

可以在本地写或虚拟环境

• 添加虚拟环境

• 如果虚拟环境启动报错：解决 query = query.decode(errors=‘replace‘) AttributeError: ‘str‘ object has no attribute ‘decode‘
• 解决办法

query = query.decode(errors='replace')
'''换成'''
query = errors='replace'

ORM 创建相关表

'''models.py'''
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
'''扩写auth_user表需要使用AbstractUser'''

# 用户表
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True, verbose_name='手机号')
    # 头像
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatar/', default='avatar/default.png', verbose_name='头像')
    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, verbose_name='博客表外键')

# 博客表
class Blog(models.Model):
    # 博客标题
    site_title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 博客名称
    site_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # 博客样式
    # 每个人的样式不同，添加文件地址
    site_style = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.site_title  # print对象打印

    class Meta:
        # admin进入以后看到的名字
        verbose_name_plural = '博客表'

# 标签表
class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '标签表'

# 分类表
class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

# 文章表
class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='文章标题')
    # help_text:提示信息，只针对于admin
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='文章摘要', help_text='这里写入文章摘要~')
    # 文本内容
    content = models.TextField()
    # 创建时间
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    # 优化字段，减少数据库查询操作，评论数，点赞数
    # up_num = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    # down_num = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    # commit_num = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    # 关联关系
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 多对多关系,through:第三张表，through_fields：关联字段
    '''注意through_fields填写关联字段，当前在哪个表，第一个就是哪个字段'''
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(to='Tag', through='TagToArticle', through_fields=('article', 'tag'))

    def __str__(self):
        try:
            return self.title + '-------' + self.blog.site_title  # 显示作者
        except:
            return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '文章管理'

# 多对多中间表
class TagToArticle(models.Model):
    tag = models.ForeignKey(to='Tag', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

# 点赞，点踩表
class UpAndDown(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 实质存的时候，是0和1
    is_up = models.BooleanField()
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

# 评论表
class Commit(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    # 存父评论的id号
    # commit_id=models.IntegerField()
    # commit=models.ForeignKey(to='Commit')

    # 自关联
    commit_id = models.ForeignKey(to='Commit', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)

'''sesstings.py'''
# 数据库配置
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'bbs',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '7410',
        'CHARSET': 'utf8'
    }
}
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "blog.UserInfo"  # 继承了AbstractUser需要配置

'''__init__.py'''
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

'''表迁移'''
makemigrations
migrate

# 如果不迁移就报错
ValueError: Dependency on app with no migrations: account

表模型

修改admin样式

'''创建超级用户'''
manage.py@BBS > createsuperuser
Username:  HammerZe
Password:  7410

'''修改配置'''
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False

参考：Simple UI

Simple-UI

• 导入：pip install django-simpleui

• 注册：

  INSTALLED_APPS = [
      'simpleui',
      'django.contrib.admin',
      'django.contrib.auth',
      'django.contrib.contenttypes',
      'django.contrib.sessions',
      'django.contrib.messages',
      'django.contrib.staticfiles',
      ...
  ]

样式改变

注册表添加数据

'''admin.py'''
from django.contrib import admin

from blog import models

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(models.Article)
admin.site.register(models.Blog)
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
admin.site.register(models.UpAndDown)
admin.site.register(models.Commit)
admin.site.register(models.Category)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)

应用名改成中文在后台显示

'''apps.py'''
from django.apps import AppConfig

class App01Config(AppConfig):
    name = 'blog'
    verbose_name = '博客管理'

# 如果想改表名为中文在后台显示，只需在类中添加Meta类
    class Meta:
        # admin进入以后看到的名字
        verbose_name_plural = '博客表'

注册forms类编写

'''forms校验'''

from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets

'''注册校验,写入样式'''

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    # 名称校验
    username = forms.CharField(
        max_length=18, min_length=3,label='用户名',
        error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '名字过长,不能超过18个字符',
                        'min_length': '名字过短,不能少于三个字符'},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
    )
    # 密码校验
    password = forms.CharField(
        max_length=18, min_length=3,label='密码',
        error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '密码过长,不能超过18个字符',
                        'min_length': '密码过短,不能少于三个字符'},
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
    )
    re_password = forms.CharField(
        max_length=18, min_length=3,label='确认密码',
        error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '密码过长,不能超过18个字符',
                        'min_length': '密码过短,不能少于三个字符'},
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
    )

    # 邮箱
    email = forms.EmailField(
        error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'invalid': '邮箱格式不正确'},label='邮箱',
        widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
    )

注册功能前端搭建

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Register</title>
    <script src="/static/element/jQuery3.4.js"></script>
    <script src="/static/element/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/element/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <div class="panel panel-primary">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">注册 </h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <form action="" id='my_form' method="post">
                        {% for item in form %}
                            <div class="form-group">
                                {#  后端blog_forms.py获取label #}
                                {#    item.auto_id获取当前id自动聚焦    #}
                                <label for="{{ item.auto_id }}">{{ item.label }}</label>
                                {{ item }}
                                <span></span>
                            </div>
                        {% endfor %}

                        {#   头像   #}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            {#  后端blog_forms.py获取label #}
                            <label for="myfile">上传头像
                                <img src="/static/img/default_img.jpg" id="id_img" width="80px" height="80px"
                                     style="margin:10px 10px">

                            </label>
                            <input type="file" id="myfile" style="display: none">
                            {# 实现点击头像就能上传文件,img放入label标签内,隐藏掉input框 #}
                        </div>
                        {#   提交,使用form表单，类型要写成button，如果是submit的话会触发表单提交  #}
                        <div class="text-center">
                            <input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="注册">
                            <input type="button" class="btn btn-warning" value="退出">
                        </div>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
{# 实现上传头像，显示图片 #}
<script>
    $('#myfile').change(function () {
        {#获取上传头像文件#}
        var myfile = $(this)[0].files[0]
        {# 借助文件阅读器把文件读到这个对象中，attr添加属性，显示图片#}
        var filereader = new FileReader()
        filereader.readAsDataURL(myfile)
        {#等待读取完成，放入img标签上#}
        filereader.onload = function () {
            {#  读取成功执行  #}
            $('#id_img').attr('src', filereader.result)
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

头像实时显示功能实现

<script>
    $('#myfile').change(function () {
        //取到文件
        let myfile=$(this)[0].files[0]
        //let myfile=$('#myfile')
        //借助文件阅读器对象，把文件读到这个对象中
        let filereader=new FileReader()
        filereader.readAsDataURL(myfile)

        //等待读完，把它放到img标签上
        filereader.onload=function () {
            $('#id_img').attr('src',filereader.result)
        }

        //$('#id_img').attr('src','https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/9522239-c31b38a1a9913ac4.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/2/w/202/format/webp')

    })
</script>